Welcome to FreeBSD’s documentation!¶

NiklasSaers · February 1st, 2003

This PR can be closed

[1] http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html

[2] http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/03/28/cyberpatrol.mirrors/

[3] Open Source: the Unauthorized White Papers, Donald K. Rosenberg, IDG Books,
    2000. Quotes are from page 114, ``Effects of the GNU GPL''.

[4] In the "What License to Use?" section of
    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/brian.html

This whitepaper is a condensation of an original work available at
http://alumni.cse.ucsc.edu/~brucem/open_source_license.htm

r151864 | bde | 2005-10-29 09:34:50 -0700 (Sat, 29 Oct 2005) | 13 lines
Changed paths:
   M /head/lib/msun/src/e_rem_pio2f.c

Use double precision to simplify and optimize arg reduction for small
and medium size args too: instead of conditionally subtracting a float
17+24, 17+17+24 or 17+17+17+24 bit approximation to pi/2, always
subtract a double 33+53 bit one.  The float version is now closer to
the double version than to old versions of itself -- it uses the same
33+53 bit approximation as the simplest cases in the double version,
and where the float version had to switch to the slow general case at
|x| == 2^7*pi/2, it now switches at |x| == 2^19*pi/2 the same as the
double version.

This speeds up arg reduction by a factor of 2 for |x| between 3*pi/4 and
2^7*pi/4, and by a factor of 7 for |x| between 2^7*pi/4 and 2^19*pi/4.

#REV         #WHO #DATE                                        #TEXT

176410        bde 2008-02-19 07:42:46 -0800 (Tue, 19 Feb 2008) #include <sys/cdefs.h>
176410        bde 2008-02-19 07:42:46 -0800 (Tue, 19 Feb 2008) __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  2116        jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994)
  2116        jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) /* __ieee754_rem_pio2f(x,y)
  8870    rgrimes 1995-05-29 22:51:47 -0700 (Mon, 29 May 1995)  *
176552        bde 2008-02-25 05:33:20 -0800 (Mon, 25 Feb 2008)  * return the remainder of x rem pi/2 in *y
176552        bde 2008-02-25 05:33:20 -0800 (Mon, 25 Feb 2008)  * use double precision for everything except passing x
152535        bde 2005-11-16 18:20:04 -0800 (Wed, 16 Nov 2005)  * use __kernel_rem_pio2() for large x
  2116        jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994)  */
  2116        jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994)
176465        bde 2008-02-22 07:55:14 -0800 (Fri, 22 Feb 2008) #include <float.h>
176465        bde 2008-02-22 07:55:14 -0800 (Fri, 22 Feb 2008)
  2116        jkh 1994-08-19 02:40:01 -0700 (Fri, 19 Aug 1994) #include "math.h"

fixed-list-mode
keyid-format 0xlong
personal-digest-preferences SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224
default-preference-list SHA512 SHA384 SHA256 SHA224 AES256 AES192 AES CAST5 BZIP2 ZLIB ZIP Uncompressed
use-agent
verify-options show-uid-validity
list-options show-uid-validity
sig-notation issuer-fpr@notations.openpgp.fifthhorseman.net=%g
cert-digest-algo SHA512

PROMPT.USER gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.22; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Warning: using insecure memory!
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (1) RSA and RSA (default)
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 1
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048) 2048
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
      <n>  = key expires in n days
      <n>w = key expires in n weeks
      <n>m = key expires in n months
      <n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0) 3y
Key expires at Wed Nov  4 17:20:20 2015 MST
Is this correct? (y/N) y

GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.

Real name: Chucky Daemon
Email address: notreal@example.com
Comment:
You selected this USER-ID:
    "Chucky Daemon <notreal@example.com>"

Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.

PROMPT.USER ssh kpasswd.freebsd.org

**Note**

This must be done from a machine outside of the OS.org cluster.

PROMPT.USER kpasswd

PROMPT.ROOT pkg install subversion

PROMPT.USER svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src

PROMPT.USER svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/doc/head /usr/doc

PROMPT.USER svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head /usr/ports

**Note**

Though the remaining examples in this document are written with the
workflow of working with the ``src`` tree in mind, the underlying
concepts are the same for working with the ``doc`` and the ``ports``
tree. Ports related Subversion operations are listed in ?.

Host svn.freebsd.org
    User jarjar

PROMPT.USER svn help

PROMPT.USER svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head /usr/src

PROMPT.USER svn checkout --depth=immediates svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base

PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=infinity base/head
PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=immediates base/release base/releng base/stable

PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7

PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7/sys
PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=infinity base/stable/7

PROMPT.USER svn co https://svn0.us-west.FreeBSD.org/base/head /usr/src

PROMPT.USER svn update
PROMPT.USER svn update -r12345

PROMPT.USER svn status

PROMPT.USER svn status --show-updates

PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER svn commit lib/libfetch usr/bin/fetch

PROMPT.USER /usr/ports/Tools/scripts/psvn commit

PROMPT.USER svn add foo

**Note**

Most new source files should include a ``$OS$`` string near the
start of the file. On commit, ``svn`` will expand the ``$OS$``
string, adding the file path, revision number, date and time of
commit, and the username of the committer. Files which cannot be
modified may be committed without the ``$OS$`` string.

PROMPT.USER svn remove foo

PROMPT.USER mkdir bar
PROMPT.USER svn add bar

PROMPT.USER svn mkdir bar

PROMPT.USER svn rm bar

PROMPT.USER svn copy foo.c bar.c

PROMPT.USER cp foo.c bar.c
PROMPT.USER svn add bar.c

PROMPT.USER svn move foo.c bar.c

PROMPT.USER svn diff -r179453:179454 ROADMAP.txt

PROMPT.USER svn diff -c179454 .

PROMPT.USER svn resolved foo

PROMPT.USER svn resolve --accept=working foo

PROMPT.USER cd ~/freebsd
PROMPT.USER svn update --set-depth=immediates .

PROMPT.USER svn update --set-depth=infinity head

PROMPT.USER svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/stable/8

PROMPT.USER svn checkout --depth=immediates svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base
PROMPT.USER cd base
PROMPT.USER svn update --set-depth=infinity head
PROMPT.USER svn copy head stable/8
PROMPT.USER svn commit stable/8

PROMPT.USER svn merge -c r123456 ^/head/ checkout
PROMPT.USER svn commit checkout

PROMPT.USER svn merge -c r123456 ^/stable/10 releng/10.0

PROMPT.USER cd stable/7
PROMPT.USER svn up --set-depth=infinity

PROMPT.USER cd stable/6/contrib/openpam
PROMPT.USER svn mergeinfo --show-revs=eligible $FSVN/head/contrib/openpam

PROMPT.USER svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R $target
$target - /head/$source:$P,$Q

PROMPT.USER svn merge -c$R $FSVN/head/$source $target

PROMPT.USER svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R $target
$target - head/$source:$P,$Q,$R

PROMPT.USER svn propget svn:mergeinfo -R stable/9/share/man/man4

PROMPT.USER svn merge -c r238987 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head/share/man/man4 stable/9/share/man/man4

--- Merging r238987 into 'stable/9/share/man/man4':
U    stable/9/share/man/man4/netmap.4
--- Recording mergeinfo for merge of r238987 into
'stable/9/share/man/man4':
 U   stable/9/share/man/man4

PROMPT.USER svn commit stable/9/share/man/man4

PROMPT.USER cd vendor/pf/dist/contrib/pf
PROMPT.USER svn mv $(svn list) ../..
PROMPT.USER cd ../..
PROMPT.USER svn rm contrib
PROMPT.USER svn propdel -R svn:mergeinfo .
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER svn propdel svn:keywords -R .
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER cd head/contrib/pf
PROMPT.USER svn merge --record-only svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist@180876 .
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER cd vendor/pf/dist
PROMPT.USER svn list -R | grep -v '/$' | sort >../old
PROMPT.USER cd ../pf-4.3
PROMPT.USER find . -type f | cut -c 3- | sort >../new

PROMPT.USER cd vendor/pf/pf-4.3
PROMPT.USER tar cf - . | tar xf - -C ../dist
PROMPT.USER cd ../dist
PROMPT.USER comm -23 ../old ../new | xargs svn rm
PROMPT.USER comm -13 ../old ../new | xargs svn --parents add

PROMPT.USER svn cp svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/4.3

PROMPT.USER cd vendor/pf
PROMPT.USER svn cp dist 4.3
PROMPT.USER svn propdel svn:mergeinfo -R 4.3

PROMPT.USER cd head/contrib/pf
PROMPT.USER svn up
PROMPT.USER svn merge --accept=postpone svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist .

PROMPT.USER svn checkout svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head/contrib/sendmail
PROMPT.USER cd sendmail
PROMPT.USER svn merge -c r261190 ^/vendor/sendmail/dist .

PROMPT.USER svn diff --no-diff-deleted --old=svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/vendor/pf/dist --new=.

PROMPT.USER svn co --depth immediates $FSVN/vendor
PROMPT.USER cd vendor
PROMPT.USER svn mkdir byacc
PROMPT.USER svn mkdir byacc/dist

PROMPT.USER svn cp -m "Tag byacc 20120115" $FSVN/vendor/byacc/dist $FSVN/vendor/byacc/20120115

PROMPT.USER svn cp -m "Import byacc to contrib" $FSVN/vendor/byacc/dist $FSVN/head/contrib/byacc

PROMPT.USER svn merge -r179454:179453 ROADMAP.txt
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER svn merge -c -179454 ROADMAP.txt
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER svn merge -r179454:179453 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt

**Note**

It is important to ensure that the mergeinfo is correct when
reverting a file in order to permit ``svn mergeinfo --eligible`` to
work as expected.

PROMPT.USER svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt@179454
PROMPT.USER svn commit

PROMPT.USER svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/ROADMAP.txt@179454 svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base

PROMPT.USER rsync -va --partial --progress freefall:/home/peter/svnmirror-base-r179637.tbz2 .

PROMPT.USER rsync -va --partial --progress rsync://repoman.freebsd.org:50873/svnseed/svnmirror-base-r215629.tar.xz .

PROMPT.USER fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/development/subversion/svnmirror-base-r221445.tar.xz

PROMPT.USER svnsync sync file:///home/svnmirror/base

PROMPT.USER svn proplist -v --revprop -r 0 file:///home/svnmirror/base

PROMPT.USER svn propset fbsd:notbinary yes foo.data

PROMPT.USER svn copy svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/projects/spif

PROMPT.USER cd copy_of_spif
PROMPT.USER svn merge svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/base/head
PROMPT.USER svn commit

Host *
ControlPath ~/.ssh/sockets/master-%l-%r@%h:%p
ControlMaster auto
ControlPersist yes

mkdir ~/.ssh/sockets

PROMPT.USER svn propdel -R svn:keywords .
PROMPT.USER svn revert -R .

...

        PR:                    12345
        Submitted by:      John Smith <John.Smith@example.com>

...

        Reviewed by:       -arch

...

        Approved by:        abc (maintainer)

...

        Obtained from:      OpenBSD

...

MFC after:      2 weeks

PR:                 54321
Submitted by:       John Smith <John.Smith@example.com>
Reviewed by:        -arch
Obtained from:      NetBSD
MFC after:          1 month
Relnotes:           yes

/*-
 * Copyright (c) [year] [your name]
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * [id for your version control system, if any]
 */

PROMPT.ROOT make install
PROMPT.ROOT make package
PROMPT.ROOT make deinstall
PROMPT.ROOT pkg add package you built above
PROMPT.ROOT make deinstall
PROMPT.ROOT make reinstall
PROMPT.ROOT make package

PROMPT.USER cd /usr/ports/category
PROMPT.USER svn cp 'svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head/category/portname/@XXXXXX' portname

PROMPT.USER cd /usr/ports/category
PROMPT.USER svn cp 'svn+ssh://svn.freebsd.org/ports/head/category/portname/@{YYYY-MM-DD}' portname

MFH:    2014Q1

PROMPT.USER /usr/ports/Tools/scripts/mfh 2015Q1 380362
 U   2015Q1
Checked out revision 380443.
A    2015Q1/security
Updating '2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit':
A    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit
A    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile
A    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo
A    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/pkg-descr
Updated to revision 380443.
--- Merging r380362 into '2015Q1':
U    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile
U    2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo
--- Recording mergeinfo for merge of r380362 into '2015Q1':
 U   2015Q1
--- Recording mergeinfo for merge of r380362 into '2015Q1/security':
 G   2015Q1/security
--- Eliding mergeinfo from '2015Q1/security':
 U   2015Q1/security
--- Recording mergeinfo for merge of r380362 into '2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit':
 G   2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit
--- Eliding mergeinfo from '2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit':
 U   2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit
 M      2015Q1
M       2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile
M       2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo
Index: 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile
===================================================================
--- 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile     (revision 380443)
+++ 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/Makefile     (working copy)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # $FreeBSD$

 PORTNAME=      sshkit
-PORTVERSION=   1.6.1
+PORTVERSION=   1.7.0
 CATEGORIES=    security rubygems
 MASTER_SITES=  RG

Index: 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo
===================================================================
--- 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo     (revision 380443)
+++ 2015Q1/security/rubygem-sshkit/distinfo     (working copy)
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-SHA256 (rubygem/sshkit-1.6.1.gem) = 8ca67e46bb4ea50fdb0553cda77552f3e41b17a5aa919877d93875dfa22c03a7
-SIZE (rubygem/sshkit-1.6.1.gem) = 135680
+SHA256 (rubygem/sshkit-1.7.0.gem) = 90effd1813363bae7355f4a45ebc8335a8ca74acc8d0933ba6ee6d40f281a2cf
+SIZE (rubygem/sshkit-1.7.0.gem) = 136192
Index: 2015Q1
===================================================================
--- 2015Q1      (revision 380443)
+++ 2015Q1      (working copy)

Property changes on: 2015Q1
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:mergeinfo
   Merged /head:r380362
Do you want to commit? (no = start a shell) [y/n]

Host svn.freebsd.org # Can be *.freebsd.org
    User freebsd-login

PROMPT.USER diff -u oldfile newfile

PROMPT.USER diff -u -r -N olddir newdir

PROMPT.ROOT pkg install cups

[system=10]
add path 'unlpt*' mode 0660 group cups
add path 'ulpt*' mode 0660 group cups
add path 'lpt*' mode 0660 group cups
add path 'usb/X.Y.Z' mode 0660 group cups

**Note**

Note that X, Y, and Z should be replaced with the target USB device
listed in the ``/dev/usb`` directory that corresponds to the
printer. To find the correct device, examine the output of
MAN.DMESG.8, where ``ugenX.Y`` lists the printer device, which is a
symbolic link to a USB device in ``/dev/usb``.

cupsd_enable="YES"
devfs_system_ruleset="system"

application/octet-stream

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/devfs restart
PROMPT.ROOT /usr/local/etc/rc.d/cupsd restart

ipp://server-name-or-ip/printers/printername

http://server-name-or-ip:631/printers/printername

ServerName server-ip

http://server-name-or-ip:631/printers/printername

# Log general information in error_log - change "info" to "debug" for
# troubleshooting...
LogLevel info

# Administrator user group...
SystemGroup wheel

# Listen for connections on Port 631.
Port 631
#Listen localhost:631
Listen /var/run/cups.sock

# Show shared printers on the local network.
Browsing On
BrowseOrder allow,deny
#BrowseAllow @LOCAL
BrowseAllow 192.168.1.* # change to local LAN settings
BrowseAddress 192.168.1.* # change to local LAN settings

# Default authentication type, when authentication is required...
DefaultAuthType Basic
DefaultEncryption Never # comment this line to allow encryption

# Allow access to the server from any machine on the LAN
<Location />
  Order allow,deny
  #Allow localhost
  Allow 192.168.1.* # change to local LAN settings
</Location>

# Allow access to the admin pages from any machine on the LAN
<Location /admin>
  #Encryption Required
  Order allow,deny
  #Allow localhost
  Allow 192.168.1.* # change to local LAN settings
</Location>

# Allow access to configuration files from any machine on the LAN
<Location /admin/conf>
  AuthType Basic
  Require user @SYSTEM
  Order allow,deny
  #Allow localhost
  Allow 192.168.1.* # change to local LAN settings
</Location>

# Set the default printer/job policies...
<Policy default>
  # Job-related operations must be done by the owner or an administrator...
  <Limit Send-Document Send-URI Hold-Job Release-Job Restart-Job Purge-Jobs \
Set-Job-Attributes Create-Job-Subscription Renew-Subscription Cancel-Subscription \
Get-Notifications Reprocess-Job Cancel-Current-Job Suspend-Current-Job Resume-Job \
CUPS-Move-Job>
    Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
    Order deny,allow
  </Limit>

  # All administration operations require an administrator to authenticate...
  <Limit Pause-Printer Resume-Printer Set-Printer-Attributes Enable-Printer \
Disable-Printer Pause-Printer-After-Current-Job Hold-New-Jobs Release-Held-New-Jobs \
Deactivate-Printer Activate-Printer Restart-Printer Shutdown-Printer Startup-Printer \
Promote-Job Schedule-Job-After CUPS-Add-Printer CUPS-Delete-Printer CUPS-Add-Class \
CUPS-Delete-Class CUPS-Accept-Jobs CUPS-Reject-Jobs CUPS-Set-Default>
    AuthType Basic
    Require user @SYSTEM
    Order deny,allow
  </Limit>

  # Only the owner or an administrator can cancel or authenticate a job...
  <Limit Cancel-Job CUPS-Authenticate-Job>
    Require user @OWNER @SYSTEM
    Order deny,allow
  </Limit>

  <Limit All>
    Order deny,allow
  </Limit>
</Policy>

options BRIDGE
options IPFIREWALL
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE

bridge_load="YES"

firewall_enable="YES"
firewall_type="open"
firewall_quiet="YES"
firewall_logging="YES"

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config=fxp0:0,xl0:0
PROMPT.ROOT sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1
PROMPT.ROOT sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1

firewall_type="/etc/rc.firewall.local"

**Important**

You have to specify the *full* path, otherwise it will not be loaded
with the risk to remain isolated from the network.

# Things that we have kept state on before get to go through in a hurry
add check-state

# Throw away RFC 1918 networks
add drop all from 10.0.0.0/8 to any in via fxp0
add drop all from 172.16.0.0/12 to any in via fxp0
add drop all from 192.168.0.0/16 to any in via fxp0

# Allow the bridge machine to say anything it wants
# (if the machine is IP-less do not include these rows)
add pass tcp from 1.2.3.4 to any setup keep-state
add pass udp from 1.2.3.4 to any keep-state
add pass ip from 1.2.3.4 to any

# Allow the inside hosts to say anything they want
add pass tcp from any to any in via xl0 setup keep-state
add pass udp from any to any in via xl0 keep-state
add pass ip from any to any in via xl0

# TCP section
# Allow SSH
add pass tcp from any to any 22 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
# Allow SMTP only towards the mail server
add pass tcp from any to relay 25 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
# Allow zone transfers only by the slave name server [dns2.nic.it]
add pass tcp from 193.205.245.8 to ns 53 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
# Pass ident probes.  It is better than waiting for them to timeout
add pass tcp from any to any 113 in via fxp0 setup keep-state
# Pass the "quarantine" range
add pass tcp from any to any 49152-65535 in via fxp0 setup keep-state

# UDP section
# Allow DNS only towards the name server
add pass udp from any to ns 53 in via fxp0 keep-state
# Pass the "quarantine" range
add pass udp from any to any 49152-65535 in via fxp0 keep-state

# ICMP section
# Pass 'ping'
add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 8 keep-state
# Pass error messages generated by 'traceroute'
add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 3
add pass icmp from any to any icmptypes 11

# Everything else is suspect
add drop log all from any to any

add deny all from 1.2.3.4/8 to any in via fxp0

font8x8="iso-8x8"     # font 8x8 from /usr/share/syscons/fonts/* (or NO).

PROMPT.USER vidcontrol VGA_80x60

allscreens_flags="VGA_80x60"  # Set this vidcontrol mode for all virtual screens

Create a directory to contain the font files
PROMPT.USER mkdir -p /usr/local/share/fonts/type1
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/local/share/fonts/type1

Place the .pfa, .pfb and .afm files here
One might want to keep readme files, and other documentation
for the fonts here also
PROMPT.USER cp /cdrom/fonts/atm/showboat/showboat.pfb .
PROMPT.USER cp /cdrom/fonts/atm/showboat/showboat.afm .

Maintain an index to cross reference the fonts
PROMPT.USER echo showboat - InfoMagic CICA, Dec 1994, /fonts/atm/showboat >>INDEX

-bitstream-charter-medium-r-normal-xxx-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
     |        |      |    |   |     |  | | | | | |    \    \
     |        |      |    |   |     \  \ \ \ \ \ \     +----+- character set
     |        |      |    |   \      \  \ \ \ \ \ +- average width
     |        |      |    |    \      \  \ \ \ \ +- spacing
     |        |      |    \ \      \  \ \ \ +- vertical res.
     |        |      |     \     \  \  \ \ +- horizontal res.
     |        |      |      \     \  \  \ +- points
     |        |      |       \     \      \  +- pixels
     |        |      |        \     \      \
  foundry  family  weight   slant  width  additional style

PROMPT.USER strings showboat.pfb | more
%!FontType1-1.0: Showboat 001.001
%%CreationDate: 1/15/91 5:16:03 PM
%%VMusage: 1024 45747
% Generated by Fontographer 3.1
% Showboat
 1991 by David Rakowski.  Alle Rechte Vorbehalten.
FontDirectory/Showboat known{/Showboat findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
/UniqueID get 4962377 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
12 dict begin
/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
 /version (001.001) readonly def
 /FullName (Showboat) readonly def
 /FamilyName (Showboat) readonly def
 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
 /ItalicAngle 0 def
 /isFixedPitch false def
 /UnderlinePosition -106 def
 /UnderlineThickness 16 def
 /Notice (Showboat
 1991 by David Rakowski.  Alle Rechte Vorbehalten.) readonly def
end readonly def
/FontName /Showboat def
--stdin--

-type1-Showboat-medium-r-normal-decorative-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1

Make the font accessible to X11
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
PROMPT.USER ln -s /usr/local/share/fonts/type1/showboat.pfb .

Edit fonts.dir and fonts.scale, adding the line describing the font
and incrementing the number of fonts which is found on the first line.
PROMPT.USER ex fonts.dir
:1p
25
:1c
26
.
:$a
showboat.pfb -type1-showboat-medium-r-normal-decorative-0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1
.
:wq

fonts.scale seems to be identical to fonts.dir…
PROMPT.USER cp fonts.dir fonts.scale

Tell X11 that things have changed
PROMPT.USER xset fp rehash

Examine the new font
PROMPT.USER xfontsel -pattern -type1-*

Put the font in Ghostscript's font directory
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts
PROMPT.USER ln -s /usr/local/share/fonts/type1/showboat.pfb .

Edit Fontmap so Ghostscript knows about the font
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/local/share/ghostscript/4.01
PROMPT.USER ex Fontmap
:$a
/Showboat        (showboat.pfb) ; % From CICA /fonts/atm/showboat
.
:wq

Use Ghostscript to examine the font
PROMPT.USER gs prfont.ps
Aladdin Ghostscript 4.01 (1996-7-10)
Copyright (C) 1996 Aladdin Enterprises, Menlo Park, CA.  All rights
reserved.
This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the file PUBLIC for details.
Loading Times-Roman font from /usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/tir_____.pfb...
 /1899520 581354 1300084 13826 0 done.
GS>Showboat DoFont
Loading Showboat font from /usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/showboat.pfb...
 1939688 565415 1300084 16901 0 done.
>>showpage, press <return> to continue<<
>>showpage, press <return> to continue<<
>>showpage, press <return> to continue<<
GS>quit

PROMPT.USER cp /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/groff/afmtodit/afmtodit.pl /tmp
PROMPT.USER ex /tmp/afmtodit.pl
:1c
#!/usr/bin/perl -P-
.
:wq

Many .afm files are in Mac format… ^M delimited lines
We need to convert them to UNIX style ^J delimited lines
PROMPT.USER cd /tmp
PROMPT.USER cat /usr/local/share/fonts/type1/showboat.afm |
    tr '\015' '\012' >showboat.afm

Now create the groff font file
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/share/groff_font/devps
PROMPT.USER /tmp/afmtodit.pl -d DESC -e text.enc /tmp/showboat.afm generate/textmap SHOWBOAT

Create the .pfa font file
PROMPT.USER pfbtops /usr/local/share/fonts/type1/showboat.pfb >showboat.pfa

Get the internal font name
PROMPT.USER fgrep internalname SHOWBOAT
internalname Showboat

Tell groff that the font must be down loaded
PROMPT.USER ex download
:$a
Showboat      showboat.pfa
.
:wq

PROMPT.USER cd /tmp
PROMPT.USER cat >example.t <<EOF
.sp 5
.ps 16
This is an example of the Showboat font:
.br
.ps 48
.vs (\n(.s+2)p
.sp
.ft SHOWBOAT
ABCDEFGHI
.br
JKLMNOPQR
.br
STUVWXYZ
.sp
.ps 16
.vs (\n(.s+2)p
.fp 5 SHOWBOAT
.ft R
To use it for the first letter of a paragraph, it will look like:
.sp 50p
\s(48\f5H\s0\fRere is the first sentence of a paragraph that uses the
showboat font as its first letter.
Additional vertical space must be used to allow room for the larger
letter.
EOF
PROMPT.USER groff -Tps example.t >example.ps

To use ghostscript/ghostview
PROMPT.USER ghostview example.ps

To print it
PROMPT.USER lpr -Ppostscript example.ps

# make -f Makefile.sub afmtodit

% gs -dNODISPLAY -q -- ttf2pf.ps TTF_name PS_font_name AFM_name

% gs -dNODISPLAY -- ttf2pf.ps 3of9.ttf
Aladdin Ghostscript 5.10 (1997-11-23)
Copyright (C) 1997 Aladdin Enterprises, Menlo Park, CA.  All rights reserved.
This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the file PUBLIC for details.
Converting 3of9.ttf to 3of9.pfa and 3of9.afm.

% gs -dNODISPLAY -- ttf2pf.ps 3of9.ttf A B
Aladdin Ghostscript 5.10 (1997-11-23)
Copyright (C) 1997 Aladdin Enterprises, Menlo Park, CA.  All rights reserved.
This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the file PUBLIC for details.
Converting 3of9.ttf to A.pfa and B.afm.

% afmtodit -d DESC -e text.enc file.afm \
        generate/textmap PS_font_name

% afmtodit -d DESC -e text.enc 3of9.afm \
                 generate/textmap 3of9

Welcome to the freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list!

To post to this list, send your email to:

  freebsd-questions@freebsd.org

General information about the mailing list is at:

  http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions

If you ever want to unsubscribe or change your options (e.g., switch to
or from digest mode, change your password, etc.), visit your
subscription page at:

http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/options/freebsd-questions/grog%40lemsi.de

You can also make such adjustments via email by sending a message to:

  freebsd-questions-request@freebsd.org

with the word `help' in the subject or body (don't include the
quotes), and you will get back a message with instructions.

You must know your password to change your options (including changing
the password, itself) or to unsubscribe.  It is:

  12345

Normally, Mailman will remind you of your freebsd.org mailing list
passwords once every month, although you can disable this if you
prefer.  This reminder will also include instructions on how to
unsubscribe or change your account options.  There is also a button on
your options page that will email your current password to you.

PROMPT.USER dmesg > /tmp/dmesg.out

Subject: HELP!!?!??
I just can't get hits damn silly FereBSD system to
workd, and Im really good at this tsuff, but I have never seen
anythign sho difficult to install, it jst wont work whatever I try
so why don't you guys tell me what I doing wrong.

Subject: Problems installing FreeBSD

I've just got the FreeBSD 2.1.5 CDROM from Walnut Creek, and I'm having a lot
of difficulty installing it.  I have a 66 MHz 486 with 16 MB of
memory and an Adaptec 1540A SCSI board, a 1.2GB Quantum Fireball
disk and a Toshiba 3501XA CDROM drive.  The installation works just
fine, but when I try to reboot the system, I get the message
Missing Operating System.

PROMPT.USER svn co
    http://svn.freebsd.org/base/user/cperciva/freebsd-update-build
    freebsd-update-server

# Main configuration file for FreeBSD Update builds.  The
# release-specific configuration data is lower down in
# the scripts tree.

# Location from which to fetch releases
export FTP=ftp://ftp2.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases

# Host platform
export HOSTPLATFORM=`uname -m`

# Host name to use inside jails
export BUILDHOSTNAME=${HOSTPLATFORM}-builder.daemonology.net

# Location of SSH key
export SSHKEY=/root/.ssh/id_dsa

# SSH account into which files are uploaded
MASTERACCT=builder@wadham.daemonology.net

# Directory into which files are uploaded
MASTERDIR=update-master.freebsd.org

PROMPT.USER uname -v

PROMPT.USER mkdir -p /usr/local/freebsd-update-server/scripts/7.2-RELEASE/amd64

# SHA256 hash of RELEASE disc1.iso image.
export RELH=1ea1f6f652d7c5f5eab7ef9f8edbed50cb664b08ed761850f95f48e86cc71ef5

# Components of the world, source, and kernels
export WORLDPARTS="base catpages dict doc games info manpages proflibs lib32"
export SOURCEPARTS="base bin contrib crypto etc games gnu include krb5  \
                lib libexec release rescue sbin secure share sys tools  \
                ubin usbin cddl"
export KERNELPARTS="generic"

# EOL date
export EOL=1275289200

PROMPT.USER date -j -f '%Y%m%d-%H%M%S' '20090401-000000' '+%s'

PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/make.sh
cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe   findstamps.c  -o findstamps
findstamps.c: In function 'usage':
findstamps.c:45: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'exit'
cc -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe   unstamp.c  -o unstamp
install findstamps ../bin
install unstamp ../bin
rm -f findstamps unstamp
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
................................................................................++
...................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)

Public key fingerprint:
27ef53e48dc869eea6c3136091cc6ab8589f967559824779e855d58a2294de9e

Encrypting signing key for root
enter aes-256-cbc encryption password:
Verifying - enter aes-256-cbc encryption password:

**Note**

Keep a note of the generated key fingerprint. This value is required
in ``/etc/freebsd-update.conf`` for binary updates.

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server
PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/init.sh amd64 7.2-RELEASE

PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/init.sh amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 16:04:36 PDT 2009 Starting fetch for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
/usr/local/freebsd-update-server/work/7.2-RELE100% of  588 MB  359 kBps 00m00s
Mon Aug 24 16:32:38 PDT 2009 Verifying disc1 hash for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 16:32:44 PDT 2009 Extracting components for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 16:34:05 PDT 2009 Constructing world+src image for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 16:35:57 PDT 2009 Extracting world+src for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 23:36:24 UTC 2009 Building world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Tue Aug 25 00:31:29 UTC 2009 Distributing world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Tue Aug 25 00:32:36 UTC 2009 Building and distributing kernels for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Tue Aug 25 00:44:44 UTC 2009 Constructing world components for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Tue Aug 25 00:44:56 UTC 2009 Distributing source for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 17:46:18 PDT 2009 Moving components into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 17:46:33 PDT 2009 Identifying extra documentation for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 17:47:13 PDT 2009 Extracting extra docs for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 17:47:18 PDT 2009 Indexing release for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 17:50:44 PDT 2009 Indexing world0 for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE

Files built but not released:
Files released but not built:
Files which differ by more than contents:
Files which differ between release and build:
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/hptrr.ko
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/kernel
src|sys|/sys/conf/newvers.sh
world|base|/boot/loader
world|base|/boot/pxeboot
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.submit.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/submit.cf
world|base|/lib/libcrypto.so.5
world|base|/usr/bin/ntpq
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_cuseeme.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_dummy.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_ftp.a
...

Mon Aug 24 17:54:07 PDT 2009 Extracting world+src for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Sep 29 00:54:34 UTC 2010 Building world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Sep 29 01:49:42 UTC 2010 Distributing world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Sep 29 01:50:50 UTC 2010 Building and distributing kernels for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Sep 29 02:02:56 UTC 2010 Constructing world components for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Sep 29 02:03:08 UTC 2010 Distributing source for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Tue Sep 28 19:04:31 PDT 2010 Moving components into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:04:46 PDT 2009 Extracting extra docs for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:04:51 PDT 2009 Indexing world1 for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:08:04 PDT 2009 Locating build stamps for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:10:19 PDT 2009 Cleaning staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:10:19 PDT 2009 Preparing to copy files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 19:10:20 PDT 2009 Copying data files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 12:16:57 PDT 2009 Copying metadata files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 12:16:59 PDT 2009 Constructing metadata index and tag for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE

Files found which include build stamps:
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/hptrr.ko
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/kernel
world|base|/boot/loader
world|base|/boot/pxeboot
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.submit.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/submit.cf
world|base|/lib/libcrypto.so.5
world|base|/usr/bin/ntpq
world|base|/usr/include/osreldate.h
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_cuseeme.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_dummy.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_ftp.a
...

Values of build stamps, excluding library archive headers:
v1.2 (Aug 25 2009 00:40:36)
v1.2 (Aug 25 2009 00:38:22)
@(#)FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE #0: Tue Aug 25 00:38:29 UTC 2009
FreeBSD 7.2-RELEASE #0: Tue Aug 25 00:38:29 UTC 2009
    root@server.myhost.com:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
7.2-RELEASE
Mon Aug 24 23:55:25 UTC 2009
Mon Aug 24 23:55:25 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Tue Aug 25 00:16:15 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Tue Aug 25 00:16:15 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Tue Aug 25 00:16:15 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Tue Aug 25 00:16:15 UTC 2009
Mon Aug 24 23:46:47 UTC 2009
ntpq 4.2.4p5-a Mon Aug 24 23:55:53 UTC 2009 (1)
 * Copyright (c) 1992-2009 The FreeBSD Project.
Mon Aug 24 23:46:47 UTC 2009
Mon Aug 24 23:55:40 UTC 2009
Aug 25 2009
ntpd 4.2.4p5-a Mon Aug 24 23:55:52 UTC 2009 (1)
ntpdate 4.2.4p5-a Mon Aug 24 23:55:53 UTC 2009 (1)
ntpdc 4.2.4p5-a Mon Aug 24 23:55:53 UTC 2009 (1)
Tue Aug 25 00:21:21 UTC 2009
Tue Aug 25 00:21:21 UTC 2009
Tue Aug 25 00:21:21 UTC 2009
Mon Aug 24 23:46:47 UTC 2009

FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE initialization build complete.  Please
review the list of build stamps printed above to confirm that
they look sensible, then run
# sh -e approve.sh amd64 7.2-RELEASE
to sign the release.

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server
PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/mountkey.sh

PROMPT.ROOT sh -e scripts/approve.sh amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Signing build for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Copying files to patch source directories for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Copying files to upload staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:07 PDT 2009 Updating databases for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:07 PDT 2009 Cleaning staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.2-RELEASE

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server
PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/upload.sh amd64 7.2-RELEASE

**Note**

In the event update code needs to be re-uploaded, this may be done
by changing to the public distributions directory for the target
release and updating attributes of the *uploaded* file.

::

    PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server/pub/7.2-RELEASE/amd64
    PROMPT.ROOT touch -t 200801010101.01 uploaded

PROMPT.USER mkdir -p /usr/local/freebsd-update-server/patches/7.1-RELEASE/
PROMPT.USER cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server/patches/7.1-RELEASE

PROMPT.USER cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server/patches/7.1-RELEASE/; mv bind.patch 7-SA-09:12.bind

**Note**

When running a patch level build, it is assumed that previous
patches are in place. When a patch build is run, it will run all
patches contained in the patch directory.

There can be custom patches added to any build. Use the number zero,
or any other number.

**Warning**

It is up to the administrator of the FBUS.AP to take appropriate
measures to verify the authenticity of every patch.

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server
PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/diff.sh amd64 7.1-RELEASE 7

PROMPT.ROOT sh -e scripts/diff.sh amd64 7.1-RELEASE 7
Wed Aug 26 10:09:59 PDT 2009 Extracting world+src for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 17:10:25 UTC 2009 Building world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 18:05:11 UTC 2009 Distributing world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 18:06:16 UTC 2009 Building and distributing kernels for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 18:17:50 UTC 2009 Constructing world components for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 18:18:02 UTC 2009 Distributing source for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 11:19:23 PDT 2009 Moving components into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 11:19:37 PDT 2009 Extracting extra docs for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 11:19:42 PDT 2009 Indexing world0 for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 11:23:02 PDT 2009 Extracting world+src for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 18:23:29 UTC 2010 Building world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 19:18:15 UTC 2010 Distributing world for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 19:19:18 UTC 2010 Building and distributing kernels for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 19:30:52 UTC 2010 Constructing world components for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 19:31:03 UTC 2010 Distributing source for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Thu Sep 30 12:32:25 PDT 2010 Moving components into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:32:39 PDT 2009 Extracting extra docs for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:32:43 PDT 2009 Indexing world1 for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:35:54 PDT 2009 Locating build stamps for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:36:58 PDT 2009 Reverting changes due to build stamps for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:37:14 PDT 2009 Cleaning staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:37:14 PDT 2009 Preparing to copy files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:37:15 PDT 2009 Copying data files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:43:23 PDT 2009 Copying metadata files into staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 12:43:25 PDT 2009 Constructing metadata index and tag for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE-p7
...
Files found which include build stamps:
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/hptrr.ko
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/kernel
world|base|/boot/loader
world|base|/boot/pxeboot
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/freebsd.submit.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/sendmail.cf
world|base|/etc/mail/submit.cf
world|base|/lib/libcrypto.so.5
world|base|/usr/bin/ntpq
world|base|/usr/include/osreldate.h
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_cuseeme.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_dummy.a
world|base|/usr/lib/libalias_ftp.a
...
Values of build stamps, excluding library archive headers:
v1.2 (Aug 26 2009 18:13:46)
v1.2 (Aug 26 2009 18:11:44)
@(#)FreeBSD 7.1-RELEASE-p7 #0: Wed Aug 26 18:11:50 UTC 2009
FreeBSD 7.1-RELEASE-p7 #0: Wed Aug 26 18:11:50 UTC 2009
    root@server.myhost.com:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC
7.1-RELEASE-p7
Wed Aug 26 17:29:15 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:29:15 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Wed Aug 26 17:49:58 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Wed Aug 26 17:49:58 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Wed Aug 26 17:49:58 UTC 2009
##### built by root@server.myhost.com on Wed Aug 26 17:49:58 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:20:39 UTC 2009
ntpq 4.2.4p5-a Wed Aug 26 17:29:42 UTC 2009 (1)
 * Copyright (c) 1992-2009 The FreeBSD Project.
Wed Aug 26 17:20:39 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:29:30 UTC 2009
Aug 26 2009
ntpd 4.2.4p5-a Wed Aug 26 17:29:41 UTC 2009 (1)
ntpdate 4.2.4p5-a Wed Aug 26 17:29:42 UTC 2009 (1)
ntpdc 4.2.4p5-a Wed Aug 26 17:29:42 UTC 2009 (1)
Wed Aug 26 17:55:02 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:55:02 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:55:02 UTC 2009
Wed Aug 26 17:20:39 UTC 2009
...

New updates:
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/kernel.symbols|f|0|0|0555|0|7c8dc176763f96ced0a57fc04e7c1b8d793f27e006dd13e0b499e1474ac47e10|
kernel|generic|/GENERIC/kernel|f|0|0|0555|0|33197e8cf15bbbac263d17f39c153c9d489348c2c534f7ca1120a1183dec67b1|
kernel|generic|/|d|0|0|0755|0||
src|base|/|d|0|0|0755|0||
src|bin|/|d|0|0|0755|0||
src|cddl|/|d|0|0|0755|0||
src|contrib|/contrib/bind9/bin/named/update.c|f|0|10000|0644|0|4d434abf0983df9bc47435670d307fa882ef4b348ed8ca90928d250f42ea0757|
src|contrib|/contrib/bind9/lib/dns/openssldsa_link.c|f|0|10000|0644|0|c6805c39f3da2a06dd3f163f26c314a4692d4cd9a2d929c0acc88d736324f550|
src|contrib|/contrib/bind9/lib/dns/opensslrsa_link.c|f|0|10000|0644|0|fa0f7417ee9da42cc8d0fd96ad24e7a34125e05b5ae075bd6e3238f1c022a712|
...
FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE update build complete.  Please review
the list of build stamps printed above and the list of updated
files to confirm that they look sensible, then run
# sh -e approve.sh amd64 7.1-RELEASE
to sign the build.

PROMPT.ROOT sh -e scripts/approve.sh amd64 7.1-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Signing build for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Copying files to patch source directories for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:06 PDT 2009 Copying files to upload staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:07 PDT 2009 Updating databases for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE
Wed Aug 26 12:50:07 PDT 2009 Cleaning staging area for FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE

The FreeBSD/amd64 7.1-RELEASE update build has been signed and is
ready to be uploaded.  Remember to run
# sh -e umountkey.sh
to unmount the decrypted key once you have finished signing all
the new builds.

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/local/freebsd-update-server
PROMPT.ROOT sh scripts/upload.sh amd64 7.1-RELEASE

# Compare ${WORKDIR}/release and ${WORKDIR}/$1, identify which parts
    # of the world|doc subcomponent are missing from the latter, and
    # build a tarball out of them.
    findextradocs () {
    }

    # Add extra docs to ${WORKDIR}/$1
    addextradocs () {
    }

       # Build the world
   log "Building world"
   cd /usr/src &&
   make -j 2 ${COMPATFLAGS} buildworld 2>&1

# Distribute the world
   log "Distributing world"
   cd /usr/src/release &&
   make -j 2 obj &&
   make ${COMPATFLAGS} release.1 release.2 2>&1

_http._tcp.update.myserver.com.                  IN SRV   0 2 80   host1.myserver.com.
                                SRV   0 1 80   host2.myserver.com.
                                SRV   0 0 80   host3.myserver.com.

options INVARIANT_SUPPORT
options INVARIANTS

options WITNESS_SUPPORT
options WITNESS

makeoptions    DEBUG=-g

options KDB
options DDB
options KDB_TRACE

debug.debugger_on_panic=1

kern.filedelay=5
kern.dirdelay=4
kern.metadelay=3

dumpdev="/dev/ad0s4b"
dumpdir="/usr/core

hw.physmem="256M"

background_fsck="NO"

SRCS=g_journal.c
KMOD=geom_journal

.include <bsd.kmod.mk>

static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_GJOURNAL, "gjournal data", "GEOM_JOURNAL Data");

verb [-options] geomname [other]

PROMPT.ROOT shutdown now

PROMPT.ROOT umount /usr /var

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal load

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal label ad0s1f ad0s1g

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal label ad0s1d ad0s1h

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.

**Note**

If the last sector of either partition is used, ``gjournal`` will
return an error. You will have to run the command using the ``-f``
flag to force an overwrite, i.e.:

::

    PROMPT.ROOT gjournal label -f ad0s1d ad0s1h

Since this is a new installation, it is highly unlikely that
anything will be actually overwritten.

PROMPT.ROOT tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1d.journal

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared

PROMPT.ROOT tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1f.journal

tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared

PROMPT.ROOT mount -o async /dev/ad0s1d.journal /var
PROMPT.ROOT mount -o async /dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr

/dev/ad0s1f.journal     /usr            ufs     rw,async      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d.journal     /var            ufs     rw,async      2       2

**Warning**

Make sure the above entries are correct, or you will have trouble
starting up normally after you reboot!

geom_journal_load="YES"

ad0: 76293MB XEC XE800JD-00HBC0 08.02D08 at ata0-master SATA150
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d consistent.

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal label ad1s1d

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal label -s 2G ad1s1d

PROMPT.ROOT newfs -J /dev/ad1s1d.journal

options UFS_GJOURNAL # Note: This is already in GENERIC

options GEOM_JOURNAL # You will have to add this one

PROMPT.ROOT cat /boot/loader.conf

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal load

GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.

PROMPT.ROOT mount -a
PROMPT.ROOT exit
(boot continues)

PROMPT.ROOT shutdown now

PROMPT.ROOT umount /usr /var

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal sync

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal stop ad0s1d.journal
PROMPT.ROOT gjournal stop ad0s1f.journal

PROMPT.ROOT gjournal clear ad0s1d
PROMPT.ROOT gjournal clear ad0s1f
PROMPT.ROOT gjournal clear ad0s1g
PROMPT.ROOT gjournal clear ad0s1h

PROMPT.ROOT tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1d

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set

PROMPT.ROOT tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1f

tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set

PROMPT.ROOT mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1d /var
PROMPT.ROOT mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1f /usr

/dev/ad0s1f     /usr            ufs     rw      2       2
/dev/ad0s1d     /var            ufs     rw      2       2

PROMPT.USER rsync -vaHz --delete rsync://ftp4.de.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/ /pub/FreeBSD/

PROMPT.USER rsync -vaHz --delete rsync://bit0.us-west.freebsd.org/FreeBSD-www-data/ /usr/local/www/

PROMPT.USER pkg fetch -d -o /usr/local/mirror vim

PROMPT.USER pkg repo /usr/local/mirror

tcpdump -c 4000 -s 10000 -w dumpfile.bin

PROMPT.USER tcpdump -c 4000 -s 10000 -w ipsecdemo.bin
PROMPT.USER uliscan ipsecdemo.bin

Uliscan 21 Dec 98
L=8 256 258560
Measuring file ipsecdemo.bin
Init done
Expected value for L=8 is 7.1836656
6.9396 --------------------------------------------------------
6.6177 -----------------------------------------------------
6.4100 ---------------------------------------------------
2.1101 -----------------
2.0838 -----------------
2.0983 -----------------

device  bpf

/*
  ULISCAN.c   ---blocksize of 8

  1 Oct 98
  1 Dec 98
  21 Dec 98       uliscan.c derived from ueli8.c

  This version has // comments removed for Sun cc

  This implements Ueli M Maurer's "Universal Statistical Test for Random
  Bit Generators" using L=8

  Accepts a filename on the command line; writes its results, with other
  info, to stdout.

  Handles input file exhaustion gracefully.

  Ref: J. Cryptology v 5 no 2, 1992 pp 89-105
  also on the web somewhere, which is where I found it.

  -David Honig
  honig@sprynet.com

  Usage:
  ULISCAN filename
  outputs to stdout
*/

#define L 8
#define V (1<<L)
#define Q (10*V)
#define K (100   *Q)
#define MAXSAMP (Q + K)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
  FILE *fptr;
  int i,j;
  int b, c;
  int table[V];
  double sum = 0.0;
  int iproduct = 1;
  int run;

  extern double   log(/* double x */);

  printf("Uliscan 21 Dec 98 \nL=%d %d %d \n", L, V, MAXSAMP);

  if (argc < 2) {
    printf("Usage: Uliscan filename\n");
    exit(-1);
  } else {
    printf("Measuring file %s\n", argv[1]);
  }

  fptr = fopen(argv[1],"rb");

  if (fptr == NULL) {
    printf("Can't find %s\n", argv[1]);
    exit(-1);
  }

  for (i = 0; i < V; i++) {
    table[i] = 0;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < Q; i++) {
    b = fgetc(fptr);
    table[b] = i;
  }

  printf("Init done\n");

  printf("Expected value for L=8 is 7.1836656\n");

  run = 1;

  while (run) {
    sum = 0.0;
    iproduct = 1;

    if (run)
      for (i = Q; run && i < Q + K; i++) {
        j = i;
        b = fgetc(fptr);

        if (b < 0)
          run = 0;

        if (run) {
          if (table[b] > j)
            j += K;

          sum += log((double)(j-table[b]));

          table[b] = i;
        }
      }

    if (!run)
      printf("Premature end of file; read %d blocks.\n", i - Q);

    sum = (sum/((double)(i - Q))) /  log(2.0);
    printf("%4.4f ", sum);

    for (i = 0; i < (int)(sum*8.0 + 0.50); i++)
      printf("-");

    printf("\n");

    /* refill initial table */
    if (0) {
      for (i = 0; i < Q; i++) {
        b = fgetc(fptr);
        if (b < 0) {
          run = 0;
        } else {
          table[b] = i;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/ports/net/openldap24-server
PROMPT.ROOT make install clean

security ssf=128

TLSCertificateFile /path/to/your/cert.crt
TLSCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/cert.key
TLSCACertificateFile /path/to/your/cacert.crt

PROMPT.USER openssl genrsa -out cert.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....................++++++
...++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
PROMPT.USER openssl req -new -key cert.key -out cert.csr

PROMPT.USER openssl x509 -req -in cert.csr -days 365 -signkey cert.key -out cert.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd
Getting Private key

slapd_enable="YES"

PROMPT.USER sockstat -4 -p 389
ldap     slapd      3261  7  tcp4   *:389                 *:*

base dc=example,dc=org
uri ldap://server.example.org/
ssl start_tls
tls_cacert /path/to/your/cacert.crt

**Note**

It is important that your clients have access to ``cacert.crt``,
otherwise they will not be able to connect.

**Note**

There are two files called ``ldap.conf``. The first is this file,
which is for the OpenLDAP libraries and defines how to talk to the
server. The second is ``/usr/local/etc/ldap.conf``, and is for
pam\_ldap.

dn: ou=people,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: people

dn: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: person
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: top
uidNumber: 10000
gidNumber: 10000
homeDirectory: /home/tuser
loginShell: /bin/csh
uid: tuser
cn: tuser

dn: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: groups

dn: cn=tuser,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: posixGroup
objectClass: top
gidNumber: 10000
cn: tuser

pam_login_attribute uid

auth  sufficient  /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so  no_warn

pam_groupdn cn=servername,ou=accessgroups,dc=example,dc=org

memberUid: uid=someuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org

auth            required        pam_nologin.so          no_warn
auth            sufficient      pam_opie.so             no_warn no_fake_prompts
auth            requisite       pam_opieaccess.so       no_warn allow_local
auth            sufficient      /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so      no_warn
auth            required        pam_unix.so             no_warn try_first_pass

account         required        pam_login_access.so
account         required        /usr/local/lib/pam_ldap.so      no_warn ignore_authinfo_unavail ignore_unknown_user

**Note**

Since we are adding these lines specifically to ``pam.d/sshd``, this
will only have an effect on SSH sessions. LDAP users will be unable
to log in at the console. To change this behavior, examine the other
files in ``/etc/pam.d`` and modify them accordingly.

group: compat
passwd: compat

group: files ldap
passwd: files ldap

#!/bin/sh

stty -echo
read -p "Old Password: " oldp; echo
read -p "New Password: " np1; echo
read -p "Retype New Password: " np2; echo
stty echo

if [ "$np1" != "$np2" ]; then
  echo "Passwords do not match."
  exit 1
fi

ldappasswd -D uid="$USER",ou=people,dc=example,dc=org \
  -w "$oldp" \
  -a "$oldp" \
  -s "$np1"

**Caution**

This script does hardly any error checking, but more important it is
very cavalier about how it stores your passwords. If you do anything
like this, at least adjust the ``security.bsd.see_other_uids``
sysctl value:

::

    PROMPT.ROOT sysctl security.bsd.see_other_uids=0.

require 'ldap'
require 'base64'
require 'digest'
require 'password' # ruby-password

ldap_server = "ldap.example.org"
luser = "uid=#{ENV['USER']},ou=people,dc=example,dc=org"

# get the new password, check it, and create a salted hash from it
def get_password
  pwd1 = Password.get("New Password: ")
  pwd2 = Password.get("Retype New Password: ")

  raise if pwd1 != pwd2
  pwd1.check # check password strength

  salt = rand.to_s.gsub(/0\./, '')
  pass = pwd1.to_s
  hash = "{SSHA}"+Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest("#{pass}#{salt}")+salt).chomp!
  return hash
end

oldp = Password.get("Old Password: ")
newp = get_password

# We'll just replace it.  That we can bind proves that we either know
# the old password or are an admin.

replace = LDAP::Mod.new(LDAP::LDAP_MOD_REPLACE | LDAP::LDAP_MOD_BVALUES,
                        "userPassword",
                        [newp])

conn = LDAP::SSLConn.new(ldap_server, 389, true)
conn.set_option(LDAP::LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3)
conn.bind(luser, oldp)
conn.modify(luser, [replace])

access to dn.subtree="ou=people,dc=example,dc=org"
  attrs=userPassword
  by self write
  by anonymous auth
  by * none

access to *
  by self write
  by * read

access to dn.subtree="ou=people,dc=example,dc=org"
  attrs=userPassword
  by self write
  by anonymous auth
  by * none

access to attrs=homeDirectory,uidNumber,gidNumber
  by * read

access to *
  by self write
  by * read

dn: cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org
objectClass: top
objectClass: posixGroup
cn: homemanagement
gidNumber: 121 # required for posixGroup
memberUid: uid=tuser,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org
memberUid: uid=user2,ou=people,dc=example,dc=org

access to dn.subtree="ou=people,dc=example,dc=org"
  attr=homeDirectory
  by dn="cn=homemanagement,dc=example,dc=org"
  dnattr=memberUid write

PROMPT.USER openssl genrsa -out root.key 1024
PROMPT.USER openssl req -new -key root.key -out root.csr
PROMPT.USER openssl x509 -req -days 1024 -in root.csr -signkey root.key -out root.crt

PROMPT.USER openssl x509 -req -days 1024 \
-in ldap-server-one.csr -CA root.crt -CAkey root.key \
-out ldap-server-one.crt

PROMPT.USER ntpq -c 'rv 0 leap'

int clone_flags = (CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_SIGNAL

 | CLONE_SETTLS | CLONE_PARENT_SETTID

| CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID | CLONE_SYSVSEM
#if __ASSUME_NO_CLONE_DETACHED == 0

| CLONE_DETACHED
#endif

| 0);

#define CLONE_SIGNAL (CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_THREAD)

if (__predict_true(p->p_sysent != &elf_LINUX_sysvec))
      return;

...
    AUE_FORK STD        { int linux_fork(void); }
...
    AUE_CLOSE NOPROTO   { int close(int fd); }
...

...
#define LINUX_SYS_linux_fork 2
...
#define LINUX_SYS_close 6
...

struct linux_fork_args {
  register_t dummy;
};

{ 0, (sy_call_t *)linux_fork, AUE_FORK, NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 2 = linux_fork */
{ AS(close_args), (sy_call_t *)close, AUE_CLOSE, NULL, 0, 0 }, /* 6 = close */

static int
translate_traps(int signal, int trap_code)
{

  if (signal != SIGBUS)
    return signal;

  switch (trap_code) {

    case T_PROTFLT:
    case T_TSSFLT:
    case T_DOUBLEFLT:
    case T_PAGEFLT:
      return SIGSEGV;

    default:
      return signal;
  }
}

struct linux_emuldata {
  pid_t pid;

  int *child_set_tid; /* in clone(): Child.s TID to set on clone */
  int *child_clear_tid;/* in clone(): Child.s TID to clear on exit */

  struct linux_emuldata_shared *shared;

  int pdeath_signal; /* parent death signal */

  LIST_ENTRY(linux_emuldata) threads; /* list of linux threads */
};

struct linux_emuldata_shared {

  int refs;

  pid_t group_pid;

  LIST_HEAD(, linux_emuldata) threads; /* head of list of linux threads */
};

struct linux_emuldata *em_find(struct proc *, int locked);

int linux_clone(l_int flags, void *stack, void *parent_tidptr, int dummy,
void * child_tidptr);

mov %edx,%gs:0x10

pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
....
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);

int futex(void *uaddr, int op, int val, struct timespec *timeout, void *uaddr2, int val3);

struct futex {
  void *f_uaddr;
  int f_refcount;

  LIST_ENTRY(futex) f_list;

  TAILQ_HEAD(lf_waiting_paroc, waiting_proc) f_waiting_proc;
};

struct waiting_proc {

  struct thread *wp_t;

  struct futex *wp_new_futex;

  TAILQ_ENTRY(waiting_proc) wp_list;
};

oldval = *uaddr2
*uaddr2 = oldval OP oparg

file descriptor 123 = /tmp/foo/, current working directory = /tmp/

openat(123, /tmp/bah\, flags, mode) /* opens /tmp/bah */
openat(123, bah\, flags, mode)      /* opens /tmp/foo/bah */
openat(AT_FDWCWD, bah\, flags, mode)    /* opens /tmp/bah */
openat(stdio, bah\, flags, mode)    /* returns error because stdio is not a directory */

openat() --> kern_openat() --> vn_open() -> namei()

PROMPT.ROOT pkg install apache24

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
PROMPT.ROOT make install clean

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/ports/www/apache24
PROMPT.ROOT make WITH_LDAP="YES" install clean

# enable SSHD
sshd_enable="YES"
# enable Apache with SSL
apache24_enable="YES"
apache24_flags="-DSSL"

PROMPT.ROOT service sshd start
PROMPT.ROOT service apache24 start

PROMPT.ROOT service sshd onestart

PROMPT.USER ifconfig
em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255
        ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active
em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
        options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>
        inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255
        ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b
        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)
        status: active

hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="10.10.10.1"

hostname="server1.example.com"
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"

pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22

pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22

ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if

0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron

PROMPT.USER sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding
net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0

PROMPT.USER sysctl -a | more

proc                /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0       0

PROMPT.ROOT mount /proc

PROMPT.USER dmesg > /tmp/dmesg.out

PROMPT.ROOT vi /etc/resolv.conf
[...]
PROMPT.ROOT mount /cfg
PROMPT.ROOT cp /etc/resolv.conf /cfg
PROMPT.ROOT umount /cfg

**Note**

The partition containing ``/cfg`` should be mounted only at boot
time and while overriding the configuration files.

Keeping ``/cfg`` mounted at all times is not a good idea, especially
if the NanoBSD system runs off a mass storage medium that may be
adversely affected by a large number of writes to the partition
(like when the filesystem syncer flushes data to the system disks).

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd
PROMPT.ROOT sh nanobsd.sh
PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/obj/nanobsd.full
PROMPT.ROOT dd if=_.disk.full of=/dev/da0 bs=64k

PROMPT.ROOT sh nanobsd.sh -c myconf.nano

cust_foo () (
    echo "bar=baz" > \
        ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/etc/foo
)
customize_cmd cust_foo

cust_etc_size () (
    cd ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/conf
    echo 30000 > default/etc/md_size
)
customize_cmd cust_etc_size

install_packages () (
mkdir -p ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/packages
cp /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd/packages/* ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/packages
chroot ${NANO_WORLDDIR} sh -c 'cd packages; pkg_add -v *;cd ..;'
rm -rf ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/packages
)
customize_cmd install_packages

NANO_NAME=custom
NANO_SRC=/usr/src
NANO_KERNEL=MYKERNEL
NANO_IMAGES=2

CONF_BUILD='
WITHOUT_KLDLOAD=YES
WITHOUT_NETGRAPH=YES
WITHOUT_PAM=YES
'

CONF_INSTALL='
WITHOUT_ACPI=YES
WITHOUT_BLUETOOTH=YES
WITHOUT_FORTRAN=YES
WITHOUT_HTML=YES
WITHOUT_LPR=YES
WITHOUT_MAN=YES
WITHOUT_SENDMAIL=YES
WITHOUT_SHAREDOCS=YES
WITHOUT_EXAMPLES=YES
WITHOUT_INSTALLLIB=YES
WITHOUT_CALENDAR=YES
WITHOUT_MISC=YES
WITHOUT_SHARE=YES
'

CONF_WORLD='
WITHOUT_BIND=YES
WITHOUT_MODULES=YES
WITHOUT_KERBEROS=YES
WITHOUT_GAMES=YES
WITHOUT_RESCUE=YES
WITHOUT_LOCALES=YES
WITHOUT_SYSCONS=YES
WITHOUT_INFO=YES
'

FlashDevice SanDisk 1G

cust_nobeastie() (
    touch ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf
    echo "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" >> ${NANO_WORLDDIR}/boot/loader.conf
)

customize_cmd cust_comconsole
customize_cmd cust_install_files
customize_cmd cust_allow_ssh_root
customize_cmd cust_nobeastie

PROMPT.ROOT ftp myhost
get _.disk.image "| sh updatep1"

PROMPT.ROOT ssh myhost cat _.disk.image.gz | zcat | sh updatep1

myhostPROMPT.ROOT nc -l 2222 < _.disk.image

**Note**

Make sure that the used port is not blocked to receive incoming
connections from NanoBSD host by firewall.

PROMPT.ROOT nc myhost 2222 | sh updatep1

PROMPT.ROOT exit

PROMPT.ROOT /sbin/shutdown -h now

PROMPT.ROOT /sbin/shutdown -r now

PROMPT.ROOT /sbin/reboot

PROMPT.ROOT adduser

Login group is ``jack''. Invite jack into other groups: wheel

PROMPT.ROOT periodic daily
output omitted
PROMPT.ROOT periodic weekly
output omitted
PROMPT.ROOT periodic monthly
output omitted

PROMPT.ROOT cp rc.conf rc.conf.orig

PROMPT.ROOT mv rc.conf rc.conf.orig
PROMPT.ROOT cp rc.conf.orig rc.conf

PROMPT.ROOT mv rc.conf.orig rc.conf

PROMPT.ROOT vi filename

PROMPT.USER find /usr -name "filename"

PROMPT.ROOT cp -R /cdrom/ports/comm/kermit /usr/local

PROMPT.ROOT make all install

alias su su -m

PROMPT.USER /usr/local/bin/p4newuser

PROMPT.USER export P4PORT=perforce.freebsd.org:1666

**Note**

Users with shell access on the FreeBSD.org cluster may wish to
tunnel the Perforce client-server protocol via an SSH tunnel, in
which case the above string should be set to ``localhost``.

PROMPT.USER export P4USER=username
PROMPT.USER export P4PASSWD=password

PROMPT.USER p4 info

//depot/... //client/...

//depot/projects/smpng/... //client/...

//depot/projects/smpng/... //client/smpng/...
      //depot/projects/nfs/... //client/nfs/...

//depot/projects/smpng/... //client/smpng-foo/...
      //depot/projects/smpng/... //client/smpng-bar/...

PROMPT.USER export P4CLIENT=myclientname

PROMPT.USER cd projectroot/smpng
PROMPT.USER p4 sync src/sys/ufs/...

//depot/projects/smpng/... //depot/projects/my-super-smpng/...

//depot/vendor/freebsd/... //depot/projects/my-new-project/...

//depot/projects/my-new-project/... //myclient/my-new-project/...

PROMPT.USER p4 integrate -b branchname

PROMPT.USER p4 resolve -as
PROMPT.USER p4 resolve

Description:
        <enter description here>
        PR:
        Submitted by:
        Reviewed by:
        Approved by:
        Obtained from:
        MFP4 after:

Files:

PROMPT.USER p4 edit filename

PROMPT.USER p4 revert filename

PROMPT.USER p4 diff2 -b branchname

PROMPT.USER p4 diff2 //depot/path1 //depot/path2

PROMPT.USER p4 add filename

PROMPT.USER find . -type f | xargs p4 add

**Note**

Perforce can track UNIX symlinks too, so you can probably use
“``\! -type d``” as the matching expression in MAN.FIND.1 above. We
do not commit symlinks into the source tree of OS though, so this
should not be necessary.

PROMPT.USER p4 delete filename

PROMPT.USER p4 diff -se ... | xargs p4 edit
PROMPT.USER p4 diff -sd ... | xargs p4 delete
PROMPT.USER find . -type f | xargs p4 add

PROMPT.USER p4 changelist
PROMPT.USER p4 diff -du

PROMPT.USER p4 integrate -i oldfile newfile
PROMPT.USER p4 resolve
PROMPT.USER p4 delete oldfile
PROMPT.USER p4 submit

PROMPT.USER whoami
alice
PROMPT.USER ls -l `which su`
-r-sr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  10744 Dec  6 19:06 /usr/bin/su
PROMPT.USER su -
Password: xi3kiune
PROMPT.ROOT whoami
root

PROMPT.USER whoami
eve
PROMPT.USER ssh bob@login.example.com
bob@login.example.com's password: god
Last login: Thu Oct 11 09:52:57 2001 from 192.168.0.1
Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
FreeBSD 4.4-STABLE (LOGIN) #4: Tue Nov 27 18:10:34 PST 2001

Welcome to FreeBSD!
PROMPT.USER

sshd    auth        required    pam_nologin.so  no_warn
sshd    auth        required    pam_unix.so no_warn try_first_pass
sshd    account     required    pam_login_access.so
sshd    account     required    pam_unix.so
sshd    session     required    pam_lastlog.so  no_fail
sshd    password    required    pam_permit.so

login   auth    required        pam_nologin.so  no_warn

auth    required        pam_nologin.so  no_warn

PROMPT.ROOT cd /etc/pam.d
PROMPT.ROOT ln -s su sudo

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/rc.subr

name="dummy"
start_cmd="${name}_start"
stop_cmd=":"

dummy_start()
{
    echo "Nothing started."
}

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy start

**Note**

In order to be properly managed by the ``rc.d`` framework, its
scripts need to be written in the MAN.SH.1 language. If you have
a service or port that uses a binary control utility or a startup
routine written in another language, install that element in
``/usr/sbin`` (for the system) or ``/usr/local/sbin`` (for ports)
and call it from a MAN.SH.1 script in the appropriate ``rc.d``
directory.

**Tip**

If you would like to learn the details of why ``rc.d`` scripts
must be written in the MAN.SH.1 language, see how ``/etc/rc``
invokes them by means of ``run_rc_script``, then study the
implementation of ``run_rc_script`` in ``/etc/rc.subr``.

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/rc.subr

name=dummy
rcvar=dummy_enable

start_cmd="${name}_start"
stop_cmd=":"

load_rc_config $name
: ${dummy_enable:=no}
: ${dummy_msg="Nothing started."}

dummy_start()
{
    echo "$dummy_msg"
}

run_rc_command "$1"

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart

start_cmd="echo \"$dummy_msg\""

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/rc.subr

name=mumbled
rcvar=mumbled_enable

command="/usr/sbin/${name}"

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/rc.subr

name=mumbled
rcvar=mumbled_enable

command="/usr/sbin/${name}"
command_args="mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1"

pidfile="/var/run/${name}.pid"

required_files="/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules"

sig_reload="USR1"

start_precmd="${name}_prestart"
stop_postcmd="echo Bye-bye"

extra_commands="reload plugh xyzzy"

plugh_cmd="mumbled_plugh"
xyzzy_cmd="echo 'Nothing happens.'"

mumbled_prestart()
{
    if checkyesno mumbled_smart; then
        rc_flags="-o smart ${rc_flags}"
    fi
    case "$mumbled_mode" in
    foo)
        rc_flags="-frotz ${rc_flags}"
        ;;
    bar)
        rc_flags="-baz ${rc_flags}"
        ;;
    *)
        warn "Invalid value for mumbled_mode"
        return 1
        ;;
    esac
    run_rc_command xyzzy
    return 0
}

mumbled_plugh()
{
    echo 'A hollow voice says "plugh".'
}

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/mumbled
Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)

if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then
        foo
fi

if checkyesno "${mumbled_enable}"; then
        foo
fi

#!/bin/sh

# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble
# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz
# BEFORE:  LOGIN
# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown

. /etc/rc.subr

name=mumbled
rcvar=mumbled_enable

command="/usr/sbin/${name}"
start_precmd="${name}_prestart"

mumbled_prestart()
{
    if ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \
        ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
        force_depend frotz || return 1
    fi
    return 0
}

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$1"

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/rc.subr

name="dummy"
start_cmd="${name}_start"
stop_cmd=":"
kiss_cmd="${name}_kiss"
extra_commands="kiss"

dummy_start()
{
        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
                echo "Greeting message: $*"
        else
                echo "Nothing started."
        fi
}

dummy_kiss()
{
        echo -n "A ghost gives you a kiss"
        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
                echo -n " and whispers: $*"
        fi
        case "$*" in
        *[.!?])
                echo
                ;;
        *)
                echo .
                ;;
        esac
}

load_rc_config $name
run_rc_command "$@"

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy start
Nothing started.
PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!
Greeting message: Hello world!

PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss
A ghost gives you a kiss.
PROMPT.ROOT /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...
A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...

PROMPT.ROOT pkg install lang/perl5.16

PROMPT.ROOT mkdir /tmp/relaydelay
PROMPT.ROOT cd /tmp/relaydelay

PROMPT.ROOT fetch http://projects.puremagic.com/greylisting/releases/relaydelay-0.04.tgz
PROMPT.ROOT fetch http://lists.puremagic.com/pipermail/greylist-users/attachments/20030904/b8dafed9/relaydelay-0.04.bin

PROMPT.ROOT gunzip -c relaydelay-0.04.tgz | tar xvf -

PROMPT.ROOT mysql < relaydelay-0.04/mysql.sql

PROMPT.ROOT patch -d /tmp/relaydelay/relaydelay-0.04 < relaydelay.bin

PROMPT.ROOT cd relaydelay-0.04

PROMPT.ROOT mv db_maintenance.pl relaydelay.pl /usr/local/sbin
PROMPT.ROOT mv relaydelay.conf /etc/mail
PROMPT.ROOT mv relaydelay.sh /usr/local/etc/rc.d/

PROMPT.ROOT sh /usr/local/etc/rc.d/relaydelay.sh start

**Note**

This file will not exist if the previous MAN.MV.1 commands were
neglected.

Loaded Config File: /etc/mail/relaydelay.conf
Using connection 'local:/var/run/relaydelay.sock' for filter relaydelay
DBI Connecting to DBI:mysql:database=relaydelay:host=localhost:port=3306
Spawned relaydelay daemon process 38277.
Starting Sendmail::Milter 0.18 engine.

INPUT_MAIL_FILTER(`relaydelay', `S=local:/var/run/relaydelay.sock, T=S:1m;R:2m;E:3m')dnl

192.168.   # My internal network.
66.218.66       # Yahoo groups has unique senders.

PROMPT.ROOT perl addlist.pl -whitelist 9999-12-31 23:59:59 < whitelist_ip.txt
PROMPT.ROOT perl addlist.pl -blacklist 9999-12-31 23:59:59 < blacklist_ip.txt

=== 2004-05-24 21:03:22 ===
Stored Sender: <someasshole@flawed-example.com>
Passed Recipient: <local_user@pittgoth.com>
  Relay: example.net [XXX.XX.XXX.XX] - If_Addr: MY_IP_ADDRESS
  RelayIP: XX.XX.XX.XX - RelayName: example.net - RelayIdent:  - PossiblyForged: 0
  From: someasshole@flawed-example.com - To: local_user
  InMailer: esmtp - OutMailer: local - QueueID: i4P13Lo6000701111
  Email is known but block has not expired.  Issuing a tempfail.  rowid: 51
  IN ABORT CALLBACK - PrivData: 0<someasshole@flawed-example.com>

/var/log/relaydelay.log                 644  3     100  *     Z

**Note**

At some point there was an error about improper ``perl`` variables
in the ``/etc/mail/relaydelay.conf``. If those two variables are
commented out then configuration may proceed as normal. Just
remember to uncomment them before starting the ``relaydelay``
process.

PROMPT.ROOT svn log -v $FSVN/stable/9

PROMPT.ROOT svn cp $FSVN/stable/9@REVISION $FSVN/releng/9.2

PROMPT.ROOT svn co $FSVN/releng/9.2 src

**Note**

Creating the ``releng`` branch and ``release`` tags is done by the
`Release Engineering Team <&url.base;/administration.html#t-re>`__.

PROMPT.ROOT svn cp $FSVN/releng/9.2 $FSVN/release/9.2.0

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/src/release

PROMPT.ROOT sh generate-release.sh release/9.2.0 /local3/release

/stage/cdromPROMPT.ROOT find . -type f | sed -e 's/^\.\///' | sort > filename.txt

PROMPT.ROOT fetch http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/release/mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz
PROMPT.ROOT tar xvzf mfsbsd-2.1.tar.gz
PROMPT.ROOT cd mfsbsd-2.1/

mac_interfaces="ext1"
ifconfig_ext1_mac="00:00:00:00:00:00"
ifconfig_ext1="inet 192.168.0.2/24"

defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"

defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"
ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.0.2/24"

PROMPT.ROOT mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 10 -f FreeBSD-10.1-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso
PROMPT.ROOT mount_cd9660 /dev/md10 /cdrom

PROMPT.ROOT mkdir DIST
PROMPT.ROOT tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C DIST
PROMPT.ROOT tar -xvf /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist/kernel.txz -C DIST

PROMPT.ROOT make BASE=DIST

**Note**

The above ``make`` has to be run from the top level of the mfsBSD
directory tree, for example ``~/mfsbsd-2.1/``.

PROMPT.ROOT scp disk.img root@192.168.0.2:.

PROMPT.ROOT dd if=/root/disk.img of=/dev/sda bs=1m

PROMPT.ROOT dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ad0 count=2

PROMPT.ROOT fdisk -BI /dev/ad0
PROMPT.ROOT fdisk -BI /dev/ad1
PROMPT.ROOT bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad0s1
PROMPT.ROOT bsdlabel -wB /dev/ad1s1
PROMPT.ROOT bsdlabel -e /dev/ad0s1
PROMPT.ROOT bsdlabel /dev/ad0s1 > /tmp/bsdlabel.txt && bsdlabel -R /dev/ad1s1 /tmp/bsdlabel.txt
PROMPT.ROOT gmirror label root /dev/ad[01]s1a
PROMPT.ROOT gmirror label var /dev/ad[01]s1d
PROMPT.ROOT gmirror label usr /dev/ad[01]s1e
PROMPT.ROOT gmirror label -F swap /dev/ad[01]s1b
PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/mirror/root
PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/mirror/var
PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/mirror/usr

PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/mirror/root /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT mkdir /mnt/var /mnt/usr
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/mirror/var /mnt/var
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/mirror/usr /mnt/usr

PROMPT.ROOT chroot /mnt

PROMPT.ROOT cp -Rp /boot/GENERIC/* /boot/kernel

# Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#
/dev/mirror/swap        none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/mirror/root        /               ufs     rw              1       1
/dev/mirror/usr         /usr            ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/mirror/var         /var            ufs     rw              2       2
/dev/cd0                /cdrom          cd9660  ro,noauto       0       0

geom_mirror_load="YES"
zfs_load="YES"

PROMPT.ROOT echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

PROMPT.ROOT zpool create tank mirror /dev/ad[01]s1f

PROMPT.ROOT zfs create tank/ports
PROMPT.ROOT zfs create tank/src
PROMPT.ROOT zfs set compression=gzip tank/ports
PROMPT.ROOT zfs set compression=on tank/src
PROMPT.ROOT zfs set mountpoint=/usr/ports tank/ports
PROMPT.ROOT zfs set mountpoint=/usr/src tank/src

INS8250  -> INS8250B
  \
   \
    \-> INS8250A -> INS82C50A
             \
              \
               \-> NS16450 -> NS16C450
                        \
                         \
                          \-> NS16550 -> NS16550A -> PC16550D

Error (6)...Timeout interrupt failed: IIR = c1  LSR = 61

device          sio4    at isa? port 0x100 flags 0xb05
device          sio5    at isa? port 0x108 flags 0xb05
device          sio6    at isa? port 0x110 flags 0xb05
device          sio7    at isa? port 0x118 flags 0xb05
device          sio8    at isa? port 0x120 flags 0xb05
device          sio9    at isa? port 0x128 flags 0xb05
device          sio10   at isa? port 0x130 flags 0xb05
device          sio11   at isa? port 0x138 flags 0xb05 irq 9

options COM_MULTIPORT

device sio1 at isa? port 0x100 flags 0x1005
device sio2 at isa? port 0x108 flags 0x1005
device sio3 at isa? port 0x110 flags 0x1005
device sio4 at isa? port 0x118 flags 0x1005
…
device sio15 at isa? port 0x170 flags 0x1005
device sio16 at isa? port 0x178 flags 0x1005 irq 3

flags
         0x1005

sio1 at 0x100-0x107 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio1: type 16550A (multiport)
sio2 at 0x108-0x10f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio2: type 16550A (multiport)
sio3 at 0x110-0x117 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio3: type 16550A (multiport)
sio4 at 0x118-0x11f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio4: type 16550A (multiport)
sio5 at 0x120-0x127 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio5: type 16550A (multiport)
sio6 at 0x128-0x12f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio6: type 16550A (multiport)
sio7 at 0x130-0x137 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio7: type 16550A (multiport)
sio8 at 0x138-0x13f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio8: type 16550A (multiport)
sio9 at 0x140-0x147 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio9: type 16550A (multiport)
sio10 at 0x148-0x14f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio10: type 16550A (multiport)
sio11 at 0x150-0x157 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio11: type 16550A (multiport)
sio12 at 0x158-0x15f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio12: type 16550A (multiport)
sio13 at 0x160-0x167 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio13: type 16550A (multiport)
sio14 at 0x168-0x16f flags 0x1005 on isa
sio14: type 16550A (multiport)
sio15 at 0x170-0x177 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio15: type 16550A (multiport)
sio16 at 0x178-0x17f irq 3 flags 0x1005 on isa
sio16: type 16550A (multiport master)

PROMPT.ROOT dmesg | more

PROMPT.ROOT cd /dev
PROMPT.ROOT ./MAKEDEV tty1
PROMPT.ROOT ./MAKEDEV cua1
(everything in between)
PROMPT.ROOT ./MAKEDEV ttyg
PROMPT.ROOT ./MAKEDEV cuag

PROMPT.ROOT echo at > ttyd*

            o  o  o  *
Port A               |
            o  *  o  *
Port B         |
            o  *  o  o
IRQ         2  3  4  5

                          Diode
                +---------->|-------+
               /                    |
            o  *  o  o              |     1 kOhm
Port A                              +----|######|-------+
            o  *  o  o              |                   |
Port B          `-------------------+                 ==+==
            o  *  o  o              |                 Ground
                \                   |
                 +--------->|-------+
IRQ         2  3  4  5    Diode

# standard on-board COM1 port
device          sio0    at isa? port "IO_COM1" flags 0x10
# patched-up multi-I/O extension board
options         COM_MULTIPORT
device          sio1    at isa? port "IO_COM2" flags 0x205
device          sio2    at isa? port "IO_COM3" flags 0x205 irq 3

sio0: irq maps: 0x1 0x11 0x1 0x1
sio0 at 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on isa
sio0: type 16550A
sio1: irq maps: 0x1 0x9 0x1 0x1
sio1 at 0x2f8-0x2ff flags 0x205 on isa
sio1: type 16550A (multiport)
sio2: irq maps: 0x1 0x9 0x1 0x1
sio2 at 0x3e8-0x3ef irq 3 flags 0x205 on isa
sio2: type 16550A (multiport master)

device cy0 at isa? irq 10 iomem 0xd4000 iosiz 0x2000

PROMPT.ROOT cd /dev
PROMPT.ROOT for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7;do ./MAKEDEV cuac$i ttyc$i;done

ttyc0   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"  unknown on insecure
ttyc1   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"  unknown on insecure
ttyc2   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"  unknown on insecure
…
ttyc7   "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400"  unknown on insecure

device si0 at isa? iomem 0xd0000 irq 11

device si0

PROMPT.ROOT cd /dev
PROMPT.ROOT ./MAKEDEV ttyAnn cuaAnn

ttyA01  "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   vt100   on insecure

options         MFS             # Memory Filesystem
options         MD_ROOT         # md device usable as a potential root device
pseudo-device   md              # memory disk

varsize=8192

# Device                Mountpoint      FStype  Options         Dump    Pass#
/dev/ad0s1a             /               ufs     ro              1       1

PROMPT.ROOT /sbin/mount -uw partition

PROMPT.ROOT /sbin/mount -ur partition

PROMPT.ROOT disklabel -e /dev/ad0c

a:      123456  0       4.2BSD  0       0

PROMPT.ROOT disklabel -B -r /dev/ad0c
PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/ad0a

PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/ad0a /flash

PROMPT.ROOT ifconfig xl0 192.168.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
PROMPT.ROOT route add default 192.168.0.1

ftp> get tarfile.tar "| tar xvf -"

ftp> get tarfile.tar "| zcat | tar xvf -"

PROMPT.ROOT cd /
PROMPT.ROOT umount /flash
PROMPT.ROOT exit

PROMPT.ROOT touch /var/log/security /var/log/maillog /var/log/cron /var/log/messages
PROMPT.ROOT chmod 0644 /var/log/*

PROMPT.ROOT mkdir /etc/pkg

PROMPT.ROOT ln -s /etc/pkg /var/db/pkg

PROMPT.ROOT chmod 0774 /var/log/apache
PROMPT.ROOT chown nobody:nobody /var/log/apache

PROMPT.ROOT rm -rf apache_log_dir
PROMPT.ROOT ln -s /var/log/apache apache_log_dir

drive a device /dev/da3h
volume myvol
  plex org concat
    sd length 512m drive a

  PROMPT.ROOT gvinum -> create config1
  Configuration summary
  Drives:         1 (4 configured)
  Volumes:        1 (4 configured)
  Plexes:         1 (8 configured)
  Subdisks:       1 (16 configured)

D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h      Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:      512 MB

P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:      512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:      512 MB

drive b device /dev/da4h
  volume mirror
    plex org concat
      sd length 512m drive a
    plex org concat
      sd length 512m drive b

Drives:         2 (4 configured)
Volumes:        2 (4 configured)
Plexes:         3 (8 configured)
Subdisks:       3 (16 configured)

D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h       Avail: 1549/2573 MB (60%)
D b                     State: up       Device /dev/da4h       Avail: 2061/2573 MB (80%)

V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB
V mirror                State: up       Plexes:       2 Size:        512 MB

P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
P mirror.p0           C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
P mirror.p1           C State: initializing     Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0          State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0          State: empty    PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB

    drive c device /dev/da5h
drive d device /dev/da6h
volume stripe
plex org striped 512k
  sd length 128m drive a
  sd length 128m drive b
  sd length 128m drive c
  sd length 128m drive d

Drives:         4 (4 configured)
Volumes:        3 (4 configured)
Plexes:         4 (8 configured)
Subdisks:       7 (16 configured)

D a                     State: up       Device /dev/da3h        Avail: 1421/2573 MB (55%)
D b                     State: up       Device /dev/da4h        Avail: 1933/2573 MB (75%)
D c                     State: up       Device /dev/da5h        Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)
D d                     State: up       Device /dev/da6h        Avail: 2445/2573 MB (95%)

V myvol                 State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB
V mirror                State: up       Plexes:       2 Size:        512 MB
V striped               State: up       Plexes:       1 Size:        512 MB

P myvol.p0            C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
P mirror.p0           C State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
P mirror.p1           C State: initializing     Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB
P striped.p1            State: up       Subdisks:     1 Size:        512 MB

S myvol.p0.s0           State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
S mirror.p0.s0          State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
S mirror.p1.s0          State: empty    PO:        0  B Size:        512 MB
S striped.p0.s0         State: up       PO:        0  B Size:        128 MB
S striped.p0.s1         State: up       PO:      512 kB Size:        128 MB
S striped.p0.s2         State: up       PO:     1024 kB Size:        128 MB
S striped.p0.s3         State: up       PO:     1536 kB Size:        128 MB

volume raid10
    plex org striped 512k
      sd length 102480k drive a
      sd length 102480k drive b
      sd length 102480k drive c
      sd length 102480k drive d
      sd length 102480k drive e
    plex org striped 512k
      sd length 102480k drive c
      sd length 102480k drive d
      sd length 102480k drive e
      sd length 102480k drive a
      sd length 102480k drive b

drive drive1 device /dev/sd1h
drive drive2 device /dev/sd2h
drive drive3 device /dev/sd3h
drive drive4 device /dev/sd4h
volume s64 setupstate
  plex org striped 64k
    sd length 100m drive drive1
    sd length 100m drive drive2
    sd length 100m drive drive3
    sd length 100m drive drive4

    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13
16:46 plex
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91,   2 Apr 13 16:46 s64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root  wheel       512 Apr 13 16:46 sd

    /dev/vinum/plex:
    total 0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   25, 0x10000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0

    /dev/vinum/sd:
    total 0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20000002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s0
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20100002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s1
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20200002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s2
    crwxr-xr--  1 root  wheel   91, 0x20300002 Apr 13 16:46 s64.p0.s3

PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/gvinum/concat

volume myvol state up
volume bigraid state down
plex name myvol.p0 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p1 state up org concat vol myvol
plex name myvol.p2 state init org striped 512b vol myvol
plex name bigraid.p0 state initializing org raid5 512b vol bigraid
sd name myvol.p0.s0 drive a plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p0.s1 drive b plex myvol.p0 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p1.s0 drive c plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p1.s1 drive d plex myvol.p1 state up len 1048576b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s0 drive a plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 0b
sd name myvol.p2.s1 drive b plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 524288b
sd name myvol.p2.s2 drive c plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1048576b
sd name myvol.p2.s3 drive d plex myvol.p2 state init len 524288b driveoffset 1048841b plexoffset 1572864b
sd name bigraid.p0.s0 drive a plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 0b
sd name bigraid.p0.s1 drive b plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 4194304b
sd name bigraid.p0.s2 drive c plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 8388608b
sd name bigraid.p0.s3 drive d plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 12582912b
sd name bigraid.p0.s4 drive e plex bigraid.p0 state initializing len 4194304b driveoff set 1573129b plexoffset 16777216b

geom_vinum_load="YES"

PROMPT.ROOT gvinum l -rv root

PROMPT.ROOT bsdlabel -e devname

PROMPT.ROOT fsck -n /dev/devnamea

Mounting root from ufs:/dev/gvinum/root

...
Subdisk root.p0.s0:
        Size:        125829120 bytes (120 MB)
        State: up
        Plex root.p0 at offset 0 (0  B)
        Drive disk0 (/dev/da0h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)

Subdisk root.p1.s0:
        Size:        125829120 bytes (120 MB)
        State: up
        Plex root.p1 at offset 0 (0  B)
        Drive disk1 (/dev/da1h) at offset 135680 (132 kB)

...
8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
  a:   245760      281    4.2BSD     2048 16384     0   # (Cyl.    0*- 15*)
  c: 71771688        0    unused        0     0         # (Cyl.    0 - 4467*)
  h: 71771672       16     vinum                        # (Cyl.    0*- 4467*)

A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D

PROMPT.ROOT fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2
PROMPT.ROOT tar xvf book.html-split.tar.bz2

PROMPT.ROOT boot0cfg -B ada0

PROMPT.ROOT gpart bootcode -b /boot/mbr ada0

options       PAE

microcode_update_enable="YES"

PROMPT.ROOT moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy
PROMPT.ROOT vidcontrol -m on

bind ^? ed-delete-next-char # for console
bind ^[[3~ ed-delete-next-char # for xterm

bindkey ^? delete-char # for console
bindkey ^[[3~ delete-char # for xterm

PROMPT.ROOT mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100

PROMPT.ROOT dmesg | grep Timecounter
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2998570050 Hz quality 800
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware
kern.timecounter.hardware: ACPI-fast

debug.acpi.disabled="timer"

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254

kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254

PROMPT.USER timidity -Ow -s 44100 -o /tmp/juke/01.wav 01.mid

WITHOUT_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=yes

makeoptions DEBUG=-g

MODULES_OVERRIDE= accf_http ipfw

PROMPT.USER sysctl kern.sched.name
kern.sched.name: ULE

PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/ada1s1a
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/ada1s1a /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT cd /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT dump 0af - / | restore rf -

PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/ada1s1a
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/ada1s1a /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT cd /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT dump 0af - / | restore rf -
PROMPT.ROOT cd var
PROMPT.ROOT dump 0af - /var | restore rf -

PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/ada1s1a
PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/ada1s1d
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/ada1s1a /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT mkdir /mnt/var
PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/ada1s1d /mnt/var
PROMPT.ROOT cd /mnt
PROMPT.ROOT dump 0af - / | restore rf -

PROMPT.ROOT mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s5 /dos/e

title OS 9.1
    root (hd0,a)
    kernel /boot/loader

PROMPT.ROOT mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt

PROMPT.ROOT dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 count=2
PROMPT.ROOT gpart create -s GPT /dev/da0
PROMPT.ROOT gpart add -t freebsd-ufs /dev/da0

PROMPT.ROOT newfs /dev/da0p1

PROMPT.ROOT mount /dev/da0s1 /mnt

/dev/da0p1 /mnt ufs rw,noauto 0 0

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl vfs.usermount=1

# Allow all users to mount a USB drive.
        own       /dev/da0       root:operator
        perm      /dev/da0       0666

PROMPT.USER mkdir ~/my-mount-point
PROMPT.USER mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0 ~/my-mount-point

PROMPT.USER umount ~/my-mount-point

PROMPT.USER truncate -s 0 unimportant-file

vfs.zfs.trim_disable=1

**Note**

ZFS TRIM may not work with all configurations, such as a ZFS
filesystem on a GELI-backed device.

PROMPT.ROOT echo 'named_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf

PROMPT.ROOT crontab -r

PROMPT.ROOT pw groupmod wheel -m lisa

options QUOTA

options    SYSVSHM          # enable shared memory
options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging

options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl hw.syscons.kbd_reboot=0

**Note**

The above two methods are exclusive: The MAN.SYSCTL.8 does not exist
if the kernel is compiled with ``SC_DISABLE_REBOOT``.

PROMPT.USER perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file(s)

PROMPT.USER tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file

PROMPT.ROOT shutdown now
PROMPT.ROOT return
PROMPT.ROOT exit

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl kern.securelevel

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl kern.securelevel

PROMPT.USER newsyslog -nrvv

PROMPT.ROOT pkg install xorg

Section "InputDevice"
   Option          "Protocol" "SysMouse"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
.....

Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"

link    sysmouse    mouse

PROMPT.ROOT service devfs restart

Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier      "Mouse1"
   Driver          "mouse"
   Option          "Protocol" "auto"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
   Option          "Buttons" "5"
   Option          "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

;; wheel mouse
(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)

hw.psm.synaptics_support="1"

Section "InputDevice"
Identifier  "Touchpad0"
Driver      "synaptics"
Option      "Protocol" "psm"
Option      "Device" "/dev/psm0"
EndSection

InputDevice    "Touchpad0" "SendCoreEvents"

PROMPT.USER startx -listen_tcp

# Edit the existing entry for ttyv8 in /etc/ttys and change
# "off" to "on".
ttyv8   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         xterm  on secure
ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         xterm  on secure
ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         xterm  on secure
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         xterm  on secure

ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         xterm  off secure

:0 local /usr/local/bin/X vt4

/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console

psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)

PROMPT.ROOT xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"

xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc

keycode 115 = F13
keycode 116 = F14
keycode 117 = F15

Key F13        FTIWS    A        Iconify
Key F14        FTIWS    A        RaiseLower
Key F15        A        A        Menu Workplace Nop

PROMPT.ROOT ifconfig ed0 alias 192.0.2.2 netmask 0xffffffff

PROMPT.ROOT ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00

PROMPT.ROOT mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt

PROMPT.ROOT ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any

01000 fwd 10.0.0.1 from any to foo 21

ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.example.com ftp

device bpf        # Berkeley Packet Filter

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0

PROMPT.ROOT sysctl -n kern.securelevel

set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command

!ppp
*.*        /var/log/ppp.log

127.0.0.1        foo.example.com foo localhost

Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0

delete ALL

MYADDR:
  delete ALL
  add 0 0 HISADDR

delete ALL
add 0 0 HISADDR

set timeout NNN

enable lqr

disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp
PROMPT.ROOT env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make clean
PROMPT.ROOT env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make install

PROMPT.ROOT gdb ppp `pgrep ppp`

set openmode passive

set openmode active 3

set openmode passive

set stopped N

set openmode active N

enable lqr

set log +tcp/ip

set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0

define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl

CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)

disable pred1

set log +connect

set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \
  \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"

set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"

ATZ
OK
AT\X
OK

set phone 1234567
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"

ATZ
OK
ATDT1234567

PROMPT.USER dmesg | grep -E "^sio[0-9]"
sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
sio1: type 16550A

options COM_MULTIPORT

hint.sio.4.at="isa"
hint.sio.4.port="0x2a0"
hint.sio.4.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.5.at="isa"
hint.sio.5.port="0x2a8"
hint.sio.5.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.6.at="isa"
hint.sio.6.port="0x2b0"
hint.sio.6.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.7.at="isa"
hint.sio.7.port="0x2b8"
hint.sio.7.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.7.irq="12"

PROMPT.ROOT chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu
PROMPT.ROOT chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip

PROMPT.USER chmod g-w bar

PROMPT.USER chmod 555 foo/

Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
fault virtual address   = 0x40
fault code              = supervisor read, page not present
instruction pointer     = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
stack pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
frame pointer           = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
code segment            = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
                        = DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
processor eflags        = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
current process         = 80 (mount)
interrupt mask          =
trap number             = 12
panic: page fault

PROMPT.USER nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx

PROMPT.USER nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx

makeoptions     DEBUG=-g          # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols

PROMPT.ROOT cd /usr/src

PROMPT.ROOT make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

PROMPT.ROOT make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL

PROMPT.USER kgdb /usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0
(kgdb) backtrace

options KVA_PAGES=N

You have mail.

PROMPT.USER date +"The time is %H:%M"
The time is 09:18

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE slides SYSTEM
"/usr/.../schema/dtd/slides.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % freebsd SYSTEM
   "../../../share/xml/freebsd.ent">
%freebsd;
]>

<slides>
<slidesinfo>
  <title>DocBook Slides, XSLT, and XSL-FO</title>
  <titleabbrev>DocBook Slides</titleabbrev>

  <author>
    <firstname>Murray</firstname>
    <surname>Stokely</surname>
  </author>
  <pubdate>13 May 2005</pubdate>
  <copyright>
    <year>2005</year>
    <holder>FreeBSD Mall, Inc.</holder>
  </copyright>
</slidesinfo>

<foil><title>My Title</title>

  <para>Creating slides is easy.</para>

  <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>Point 1.</listitem>
    <listitem>Point 2.</listitem>
    <listitem>Point 3.</listitem>
    <listitem>Point 4.</listitem>
  </itemizedlist>

  <para>
  There are &os.num; ports in &rel.current;.
  </para>
</foil>

$ make USE_XEP=1 FORMATS=pdf

<xsl:template match="command">
  <tt><xsl:value-of select="."></tt>
</xsl:template>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
  <fo:layout-master-set>
    <fo:simple-page-master master-name="my-page">
      <fo:region-body margin="1in"/>
    </fo:simple-page-master>
  </fo:layout-master-set>

  <fo:page-sequence master-reference="my-page">
    <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
      <fo:block>Hello, world!</fo:block>
    </fo:flow>
  </fo:page-sequence>
</fo:root>


	A publication from Tatsumi Hosokawa and others. Among computer books, it is a top-seller in Japan and exceeded the sales of Bill Gates’ “The Road Ahead” when published (it was #2, this book was #1).
	(Japanese FreeBSD book with 2.0.5, titled “FreeBSD: Fun and easy Installation”)
	(Japanese FreeBSD book with 2.0.5, titled “FreeBSD Introductory Kit”)
	This is BSDi’s “The Complete FreeBSD” with installation guide, manual pages and installation CDs inside.
	This book was published (early 1997) in Taiwan. Its title is “FreeBSD: introduction and applications” and the author is Jian-Da Li (aka. jdli).
	This is the “Getting Started with FreeBSD” from Fuki-Shuppan. Other than the standard installation guide and Japanese environment, it emphasizes system administration and low-level information (such as the boot process, etc.) FreeBSD-2.2.2R and XFree86-3.2 on CDROM. 264 pages, 3,400 yen.
	The “Personal Unix Starter Kit - FreeBSD” from ASCII. Includes history of &unix;, a guide to build a Japanese documentation processing system and how to create ports. 2.1.7.1R and XFree86-3.2 in CDROM. 384 pages, 3,000 yen.
	BSD mit Methode, M. Schulze, B. Roehrig, M. Hoelzer und andere, C&L Computer und Literatur Verlag, 1998, 850 pages. 2 CDROMs, FreeBSD 2.2.6, NetBSD 1.2.1 and 1.3.2, OpenBSD 2.2 and 2.3. DM 98,-.
	This is the “FreeBSD Install and utilization manual” from Mainichi Communications. General introduction to FreeBSD from installation to utilization with troubleshooting under the supervision of the user group in Japan. 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 PAO and distfiles in CDROM. 472 pages, 3,600yen.
	The “FreeBSD User’s Reference Manual” from Mainichi Communications, under the supervision of “jpman project”, the manual translation project by the user group in Japan. Japanese edition of the section 1 of the FreeBSD manual. 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 and PAO in CDROM. 1,040 pages, 3,800yen.
	The “FreeBSD System Administrator’s Manual” from Mainichi Communications, under the supervision of “jpman project”, the manual translation project by the user group in Japan. Japanese edition of the section 5 and 8 of the FreeBSD manual. 756 pages, 3,300yen.
	This is “About FreeBSD” from Youngjin.com. It is first FreeBSD book in Korea, and covers several topics from installation to Korean environment. 3.5.1-RELEASE/PAO and 4.1-RELEASE in 3 CDROMs. 788 pages, 26,000 won.
	Onno W Purbo, Dodi Maryanto, Syahrial Hubbany, Widjil Widodo: Building Internet Server with FreeBSD <http://maxwell.itb.ac.id/> __ (in Indonesia Language), published by Elex Media Komputindo, 2000.
	The FreeBSD Handbook 1st Edition is a comprehensive FreeBSD Tutorial and reference. It covers installation, day-to-day use of FreeBSD, and much more. April 2000, BSDi. ISBN 1-57176-241-8
	The Complete FreeBSD with CDs, 3rd Ed, FreeBSD 4.2. Everything you ever wanted to know about how to get your computer up and running FreeBSD. Includes 4 CDs containing the FreeBSD operating system! Released: November 2000 ISBN: 1-57176-246-9
	The FreeBSD Handbook 2nd Edition is a comprehensive FreeBSD Tutorial and reference. It covers installation, day-to-day use of FreeBSD, and much more. November 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-303-1
	“The FreeBSD Corporate Networker’s Guide” Mittelstaedt, Ted. Addison Wesley, 2000. There are two printings: the first has disk 1 of FreeBSD 4.2, the second has disk 1 of FreeBSD 4.4. 400 pages. The Japanese translation was published in 2001. The Networker’s Guide covers integration of FreeBSD into typical corporate networks with special emphasis on interoperation with Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K. English version: 2000, Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-70481-1 Japanese version: 2001, Pearson Education Japan. ISBN 4-89471-464-7
	“FreeBSD, An Open-Source Operating System for Your Personal Computer”, Annelise Anderson. An introduction to FreeBSD for users new to both FreeBSD and UNIX. This book includes a 4.4 installation CD-ROM and covers everything you need to know about installation of the system and third-party software; getting sound, X Window, your network, and printing working; building your own kernel; and upgrading. Second Edition. December 2001, The Bit Tree Press. ISBN 0-9712045-1-9
	Absolute BSD. This book discusses management of FreeBSD-based servers in high-performance enterprise environments. June 2002, No Starch Press. ISBN 1-886411-74-3
	Fultus presents FreeBSD Open Documentation Library. This is the full up-to-date FreeBSD documentation collection available online in the Technical Literature section of the Fultus eLibrary and Fultus Online Book Superstore in the following formats: Online Web Help (searchable through all documents) (Mozilla, Netscape Navigator & IE compatible); Searchable Adobe PDF format with Bookmark link page (for desktop and PDA); Compiled HTML format (chm) (for Windows). Interested? Read about FreeBSD eBooks and download examples on the FreeBSD Documentation page of the Fultus web site.
	“Building an Internet Server with FreeBSD 6” is a step-by-step guide for helping new and experienced users to FreeBSD install and configure the latest Internet server applications in a minimum of time. The guide includes descriptions of many of the Internet’s most popular and widely deployed open source projects, detailed instructions on implementing each, and maintenance tasks important to an Internet server. May 2006, Lulu Press, ISBN 1411695747, 228 pages.
	Written by the professionals of EnderUNIX and Huseyin Yuce this book is the first Turkish FreeBSD book. The book is published by acikkod _ publications. Book is available for sale on this page. Details of the book: ISBN: 975-98990-0-0 Published: February 2004 Paperback: 504 pages CD: FreeBSD 4.9 Installation CD Authors: Hüseyin Yüce, İsmail Yenigül, Ömer Faruk Şen, Barış Şimşek and Murat Balaban. `Table of Contents <http://www.acikkod.com/pdf s/freebsd1.pdf>`__ (in Turkish)
	Les cahiers de l’Admin: BSD (the BSD sysadmin notebook), from Emmanuel Dreyfus, covers various &unix; administrative topics for BSD systems. Aimed at beginners and intermediate in BSD system administration. Book in french, `Eyrolles <http://www.eyrolles.com/> `__, 2004. ISBN 2-212-11463-X
	The OpenBSD PF Packet Filter Book covers the PF packet filter suite, ALTQ, spamd, address translation, and more for FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and DragonFly. August 2006, Reed Media Services. ISBN 978-0-9790342-0-6.
	FreeBSD 6 Unleashed covers everything you need to know to use FreeBSD to its fullest potential. Jun 7, 2006, Sams. ISBN 0-672-32875-5
	(Traditional Chinese FreeBSD book with 6.0) December 2005, Drmaster. ISBN 9-575-27878-X
	This Romanian language book is a useful guide for people taking their first steps with FreeBSD. It covers installation and day-to-day operation of a FreeBSD system, and contains practical examples illustrating the use of FreeBSD’s utilities. It has two case studies on configuring FreeBSD as a server and a router. 2005, Polirom Publishing House, ISBN 973-681-683-4
	The “RadioBSD Crier: 2007/01” is a 24-page article on managing FreeBSD and NetBSD IPFW, IPFW2, and IP6FW firewalls.
	The Best of FreeBSD Basics by Dru Lavigne provides near 100 tutorials covering a wide range of FreeBSD and open source Unix topics. December 2007. Reed Media Services. ISBN 978-0-9790342-2-0.

	This is InfoMagic’s BSDisc, containing FreeBSD 2.0 and NetBSD 1.0 on a single CD. This is the only example I have which had cover art.
	This is the original 4.4 BSD Lite2 release from UC Berkeley, the core technology behind much of FreeBSD.
	The first of Laser5’s “BSD” series. Contains FreeBSD-2.0.5R, NetBSD-1.0, XFree86-3.1.1 and FreeBSD(98) kernel.
	The second of Laser5’s “BSD” series. From this version, the CDs come in a standard jewel box. Contains FreeBSD-2.1R, NetBSD-1.1, XFree86-3.1.2 and 3.1.2A, and FreeBSD(98) kernel (2.0.5).
	This is the Laser5 Japanese edition of the FreeBSD CDROM. It is a 4 CD set.
	This is the only FreeBSD CD Pacific Hitech produced before merging their product line with that of Walnut Creek CDROM. PHT now also produces the FreeBSD/J (Japanese) CD product.
	This is the cover disc from the Korean magazine. Note the creative cover art! The CD contains the FreeBSD 2.2.1 release with some local additions.
	This is it - the very first FreeBSD CD published! Both the FreeBSD Project and Walnut Creek CDROM were fairly young back then, and you’ll probably have little difficulty in spotting the differences in production quality between then and now.
	This was the second FreeBSD CD published by Walnut Creek CDROM and also the very last on the 1.x branch (ref USL/Novell lawsuit and settlement). The next release, FreeBSD 1.1.5, was only available on the net.
	This unusual CD is something of a collector’s item now given that almost all existing examples were systematically tracked down and destroyed. An artwork mishap has this CD dated for the wrong year, and on the spine “January” is also misspelled as “Jaunary”, just to increase the embarrassment factor. Ah, the perils of turning in one’s artwork just hours before leaving for a trade show.
	This is the fixed-up version of the FreeBSD 2.0 CD. Note that the color scheme has even been changed in the corrected version, something unusual for a fixup and perhaps done to distance it from the earlier mistake.
	The FreeBSD 2.0.5 release CD. This was the first CD to feature Tatsumi Hosokawa’s daemon artwork.
	The FreeBSD 2.1 release CD. This was the first CD release on the 2.1 branch (the last being 2.1.7).
	The FreeBSD 2.1.5 release CD.
	The FreeBSD 2.1.6 release CD.
	The Japanese version of 2.1.6. This was the first and last Japanese localized version published by WC, responsibility for that product then transitioning to a team led by Tatsumi Hosokawa and sponsored by Pacific Hitech and Laser5.
	The FreeBSD 2.1.7 release CD. Also the last CD released on the 2.1.x branch. Done primarily as a security fixup for 2.1.6
	An early release SNAPshot of 2.2 (done before 2.2.1 was released).
	The FreeBSD 2.2.1 release CD. This was the first CD on the 2.2 branch.
	The FreeBSD 2.2.2 release CD.
	The FreeBSD 3.0 snapshot CD.
	The FreeBSD mailing list and newsgroup archives, turned into HTML and semi-indexed by thread. This product ran for 2 releases and then stopped with a thud once it became obvious that there was simply too much data to deal with on one CD. Perhaps when DVD becomes more popular...
	FreeBSD Toolkit: Six disc set of resources to make your FreeBSD experience more enriching.
	FreeBSD Alpha 4.2 - The full version of the DEC Alpha 64-bit UNIX operating system.
	FreeBSD 4.2: The full version of the PC 32-bit UNIX operating system.
	FreeBSD 4.2 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. January 2001, 4 CD-ROMs. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-72-4.
	FreeBSD 4.3 RELEASE CDROM. April 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-300-7.
	FreeBSD Toolkit: Six disc set of resources to make your FreeBSD experience more enriching. June 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-301-5.
	FreeBSD 4.4 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. November 2001, 6 CD-ROMs in Jewelcase. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-84-8.
	FreeBSD 4.4 RELEASE CDROM. Wind River Systems. September 2001. ISBN 1-57176-304-X.
	FreeBSD 4.5 RELEASE CDROM. February 2002, FreeBSD Mall Inc. ISBN 1-57176-306-6.

	Cover of Korean UNIX magazine, May 1997 issue. Also included FreeBSD 2.2.1 with cover CDs.
	UNIX User Magazine November 1996 issue. Also included FreeBSD 2.1.5 on cover CD.
	This is the “FreeBSD Full Course” special in April 1997’s Software Design (published by Gijutsu Hyoron Sha). There are 80 pages of FreeBSD articles covering everything from installation to tracking -current.
	Quality Unix for FREE, by Brett Glass in Sm@rt Reseller Online September 1998
	This is the “BSD magazine” published by ASCII corporation, the world’s first publication specialized in BSD. BSD magazine covers FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and BSD/OS. The premiere issue features articles on the history of BSD, installation, and Ports/Packages; it also includes 4 CD-ROMs containing FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE, NetBSD 1.4.1 and OpenBSD 2.5.

Login Methods	MAN.SSH.1, protocol 2 only
Main Shell Host	freefall.FreeBSD.org
``src/`` Subversion Root	`svn+ssh://`svn.FreeBSD.org`/base` (see also ?).
``doc/`` Subversion Root	`svn+ssh://`svn.FreeBSD.org`/doc` (see also ?).
``ports/`` Subversion Root	`svn+ssh://`svn.FreeBSD.org`/ports` (see also ?).
Internal Mailing Lists	developers (technically called all-developers), doc-developers, doc-committers, ports-developers, ports-committers, src-developers, src-committers. (Each project repository has its own -developers and -committers mailing lists. Archives for these lists may be found in files `/home/mail/repository-name-developers-archive` and `/home/mail/repository-name-committers-archive` on the FreeBSD.org cluster.)
Core Team monthly reports	`/home/core/public/monthly-reports` on the FreeBSD.org cluster.
Ports Management Team monthly reports	`/home/portmgr/public/monthly-reports` on the FreeBSD.org cluster.
Noteworthy ``src/`` SVN Branches	`stable/8` (8.X-STABLE), `stable/9` (9.X-STABLE), `stable/10` (10.X-STABLE), `head` (-CURRENT)

Committer Type	Responsible	Tree Components
src	core@	src/, doc/ subject to appropriate review
doc	doceng@	doc/, ports/, src/ documentation
ports	portmgr@	ports/

`PR:`	The problem report (if any) which is affected (typically, by being closed) by this commit. Only include one PR per line as the automated scripts which parse this line cannot understand more than one.
`Differential Revision:`	The full URL of the Phabricator review. For example: `https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1708`.
`Submitted by:`	The name and e-mail address of the person that submitted the fix; for developers, just the username on the OS cluster. If the submitter is the maintainer of the port to which you are committing, include “(maintainer)” after the email address. Avoid obfuscating the email address of the submitter as this adds additional work when searching logs.
`Reviewed by:`	The name and e-mail address of the person or people that reviewed the change; for developers, just the username on the OS cluster. If a patch was submitted to a mailing list for review, and the review was favorable, then just include the list name.
`Approved by:`	The name and e-mail address of the person or people that approved the change; for developers, just the username on the OS cluster. It is customary to get prior approval for a commit if it is to an area of the tree to which you do not usually commit. In addition, during the run up to a new release all commits must be approved by the release engineering team. If these are your first commits then you should have passed them past your mentor first, and you should list your mentor, as in ``username-of-mentor `(mentor)`‘’. If a team approved these commits then include the team name followed by the username of the approver in parentheses. For example: ``re@ (username)``
`Obtained from:`	The name of the project (if any) from which the code was obtained. Do not use this line for the name of an individual person.
`MFC after:`	If you wish to receive an e-mail reminder to MFC at a later date, specify the number of days, weeks, or months after which an MFC is planned.
`Relnotes:`	If the change is a candidate for inclusion in the release notes for the next release from the branch, set to `yes`.
`Security:`	If the change is related to a security vulnerability or security exposure, include one or more references or a description of the issue. If possible, include a VuXML URL or a CVE ID.

Author:	JunKuriyama
Author:	ValentinoVaschetto
Author:	DanielLang
Author:	KenSmith Note We are not accepting new mirrors at this time.

LINUX command (Red Hat/Debian)	OS equivalent	Purpose
`yum install package` / `apt-get install package`	`pkg install package`	Install package from remote repository
`rpm -ivh package` / `dpkg -i package`	`pkg add package`	Install local package
`rpm -qa` / `dpkg -l`	`pkg info`	List installed packages
`lspci`	`pciconf`	List PCI devices
`lsmod`	`kldstat`	List loaded kernel modules
`modprobe`	`kldload` / `kldunload`	Load/Unload kernel modules
`strace`	`truss`	Trace system calls

	`PAM_SUCCESS`	`other`
binding	if (!fail) break;	fail = true;
required		fail = true;
requisite		fail = true; break;
sufficient	if (!fail) break;
optional

Type	Categories	Default Assignee
base system	bin, conf, gnu, kern, misc	freebsd-bugs
architecture-specific	alpha, amd64, arm, i386, ia64, powerpc, sparc64	freebsd-arch
ports collection	ports	freebsd-ports-bugs
documentation shipped with the system	docs	freebsd-doc
OS web pages (not including docs)	Website	freebsd-www

Type	Categories	Default Assignee
advocacy efforts	advocacy	freebsd-advocacy
JAVA.VIRTUAL.MACHINE problems	java	freebsd-java
standards compliance	standards	freebsd-standards
threading libraries	threads	freebsd-threads
MAN.USB.4 subsystem	usb	freebsd-usb

Type	Suggested Category	Suggested Assignee	Assignee Type
problem specific to the ARM architecture	arm	freebsd-arm	mailing list
problem specific to the MIPS architecture	kern	freebsd-mips	mailing list
problem specific to the POWERPC architecture	kern	freebsd-ppc	mailing list
problem with Advanced Configuration and Power Management (MAN.ACPI.4)	kern	freebsd-acpi	mailing list
problem with Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) drivers	kern	freebsd-atm	mailing list
problem with embedded or small-footprint OS systems (e.g., NanoBSD/PicoBSD/FreeBSD-arm)	kern	freebsd-embedded	mailing list
problem with FIREWIRE drivers	kern	freebsd-firewire	mailing list
problem with the filesystem code	kern	freebsd-fs	mailing list
problem with the MAN.GEOM.4 subsystem	kern	freebsd-geom	mailing list
problem with the MAN.IPFW.4 subsystem	kern	freebsd-ipfw	mailing list
problem with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) drivers	kern	freebsd-isdn	mailing list
MAN.JAIL.8 subsystem	kern	freebsd-jail	mailing list
problem with LINUX or SVR4 emulation	kern	freebsd-emulation	mailing list
problem with the networking stack	kern	freebsd-net	mailing list
problem with the MAN.PF.4 subsystem	kern	freebsd-pf	mailing list
problem with the MAN.SCSI.4 subsystem	kern	freebsd-scsi	mailing list
problem with the MAN.SOUND.4 subsystem	kern	freebsd-multimedia	mailing list
problems with the MAN.WLAN.4 subsystem and wireless drivers	kern	freebsd-wireless	mailing list
problem with MAN.SYSINSTALL.8 or MAN.BSDINSTALL.8	bin	freebsd-sysinstall	mailing list
problem with the system startup scripts (MAN.RC.8)	kern	freebsd-rc	mailing list
problem with VIMAGE or VNET functionality and related code	kern	freebsd-virtualization	mailing list
problem with Xen emulation	kern	freebsd-xen	mailing list

Type	Suggested Category	Suggested Assignee	Assignee Type
problem with the ports framework (not with an individual port!)	ports	portmgr	alias
port which is maintained by apache@FreeBSD.org	ports	apache	mailing list
port which is maintained by autotools@FreeBSD.org	ports	autotools	alias
port which is maintained by doceng@FreeBSD.org	ports	doceng	alias
port which is maintained by eclipse@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-eclipse	mailing list
port which is maintained by gecko@FreeBSD.org	ports	gecko	mailing list
port which is maintained by gnome@FreeBSD.org	ports	gnome	mailing list
port which is maintained by hamradio@FreeBSD.org	ports	hamradio	alias
port which is maintained by haskell@FreeBSD.org	ports	haskell	alias
port which is maintained by java@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-java	mailing list
port which is maintained by kde@FreeBSD.org	ports	kde	mailing list
port which is maintained by mono@FreeBSD.org	ports	mono	mailing list
port which is maintained by office@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-office	mailing list
port which is maintained by perl@FreeBSD.org	ports	perl	mailing list
port which is maintained by python@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-python	mailing list
port which is maintained by ruby@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-ruby	mailing list
port which is maintained by secteam@FreeBSD.org	ports	secteam	alias
port which is maintained by vbox@FreeBSD.org	ports	vbox	alias
port which is maintained by x11@FreeBSD.org	ports	freebsd-x11	mailing list

Type	Suggested Category	Suggested Assignee	Assignee Type
problem with PR database	bin	bugmeister	alias
problem with Bugzilla web form.	doc	bugmeister	alias

Author:	Dag-Erling Smørgrav Contributed by
Author:	Mark Linimon

Author:	JordanHubbard
Author:	SamLawrance
Author:	MarkLinimon

Author:	Dag-ErlingSmørgrav
Author:	HitenPandya

DB25 RS232-C Pin	DB9 IBM PC Pin	EIA Circuit Symbol	CCITT Circuit Symbol	Common Name	Signal Source	Description
1		AA	101	PG/FG		Frame/Protective Ground
2	3	BA	103	TD	DTE	Transmit Data
3	2	BB	104	RD	DCE	Receive Data
4	7	CA	105	RTS	DTE	Request to Send
5	8	CB	106	CTS	DCE	Clear to Send
6	6	CC	107	DSR	DCE	Data Set Ready
7	5	AV	102	SG/GND		Signal Ground
8	1	CF	109	DCD/CD	DCE	Data Carrier Detect
9						Reserved for Test
10						Reserved for Test
11						Reserved for Test
12		CI	122	SRLSD	DCE	Sec. Recv. Line Signal Detector
13		SCB	121	SCTS	DCE	Secondary Clear to Send
14		SBA	118	STD	DTE	Secondary Transmit Data
15		DB	114	TSET	DCE	Trans. Sig. Element Timing
16		SBB	119	SRD	DCE	Secondary Received Data
17		DD	115	RSET	DCE	Receiver Signal Element Timing
18			141	LOOP	DTE	Local Loopback
19		SCA	120	SRS	DTE	Secondary Request to Send
20	4	CD	108.2	DTR	DTE	Data Terminal Ready
21				RDL	DTE	Remote Digital Loopback
22	9	CE	125	RI	DCE	Ring Indicator
23		CH	111	DSRS	DTE	Data Signal Rate Selector
24		DA	113	TSET	DTE	Trans. Sig. Element Timing
25			142		DCE	Test Mode

“F”	QFP	(quad flat pack) L lead type
“N”	DIP	(dual inline package) through hole straight lead type
“V”	LPCC	(lead plastic chip carrier) J lead type

Vendor	Part Number	Errors (aka “differences” reported)
National	(PC16550DV)	0
National	(NS16550AFN)	0
National	(NS16C552V)	0
TI	(TL16550AFN)	3
CMD	(16C550PE)	19
StarTech	(ST16C550J)	23
Rockwell	Reference modem with internal 16550 or an emulation (RC144DPi/C3000-25)	117
Sierra	Modem with an internal 16550 (SC11951/SC11351)	91

Plex type	Minimum subdisks	Can add subdisks	Must be equal size	Application
concatenated	1	yes	no	Large data storage with maximum placement flexibility and moderate performance
striped	2	no	yes	High performance in combination with highly concurrent access

Author:	MarshallKirkMcKusick
Author:	KeithBostic
Author:	MichaelJ.Karels
Author:	JohnS.Quarterman

Category	Lines of code	Percentage of kernel
headers	9,393	4.6
initialization	1,107	0.6
kernel facilities	8,793	4.4
generic interfaces	4,782	2.4
interprocess communication	4,540	2.2
terminal handling	3,911	1.9
virtual memory	11,813	5.8
vnode management	7,954	3.9
filesystem naming	6,550	3.2
fast filestore	4,365	2.2
log-structure filestore	4,337	2.1
memory-based filestore	645	0.3
cd9660 filesystem	4,177	2.1
miscellaneous filesystems (10)	12,695	6.3
network filesystem	17,199	8.5
network communication	8,630	4.3
internet protocols	11,984	5.9
ISO protocols	23,924	11.8
X.25 protocols	10,626	5.3
XNS protocols	5,192	2.6

Category	Lines of code	Percentage of kernel
machine dependent headers	1,562	0.8
device driver headers	3,495	1.7
device driver source	17,506	8.7
virtual memory	3,087	1.5
other machine dependent	6,287	3.1
routines in assembly language	3,014	1.5
HP/UX compatibility	4,683	2.3

Name	Meaning
`en_US.ISO8859-1`	English (United States)
`bn_BD.ISO10646-1`	Bengali or Bangla (Bangladesh)
`da_DK.ISO8859-1`	Danish (Denmark)
`de_DE.ISO8859-1`	German (Germany)
`el_GR.ISO8859-7`	Greek (Greece)
`es_ES.ISO8859-1`	Spanish (Spain)
`fr_FR.ISO8859-1`	French (France)
`hu_HU.ISO8859-2`	Hungarian (Hungary)
`it_IT.ISO8859-15`	Italian (Italy)
`ja_JP.eucJP`	Japanese (Japan, EUC encoding)
`mn_MN.UTF-8`	Mongolian (Mongolia, UTF-8 encoding)
`nl_NL.ISO8859-1`	Dutch (Netherlands)
`no_NO.ISO8859-1`	Norwegian (Norway)
`pl_PL.ISO8859-2`	Polish (Poland)
`pt_BR.ISO8859-1`	Portuguese (Brazil)
`ru_RU.KOI8-R`	Russian (Russia, KOI8-R encoding)
`sr_YU.ISO8859-2`	Serbian (Serbia)
`tr_TR.ISO8859-9`	Turkish (Turkey)
`zh_CN.UTF-8`	Simplified Chinese (China, UTF-8 encoding)
`zh_TW.UTF-8`	Traditional Chinese (Taiwan, UTF-8 encoding)

Format	Meaning
`html-split`	A collection of small, linked, HTML files.
`html`	One large HTML file containing the entire document
`pdf`	Adobe’s Portable Document Format
`ps`	POSTSCRIPT
`rtf`	MICROSOFT’s Rich Text Format
`txt`	Plain text

file	description
`disc1.iso`	Contains enough to install OS and a minimal set of packages.
`dvd1.iso`	Similar to `disc1.iso` but with additional packages.
`memstick.img`	A bootable image sufficient for writing to a USB stick.
`bootonly.iso`	A minimal image that requires network access during installation to completely install OS.

Welcome to FreeBSD’s documentation!¶

&title;¶

What is FreeBSD?¶

Cutting edge features¶

Powerful Internet solutions¶

Advanced Embedded Platform¶

Run a huge number of applications¶

Easy to install¶

FreeBSD is free¶

Contributing to FreeBSD¶

&title;¶

Introduction¶

FreeBSD Core Team <core@FreeBSD.org>¶

FreeBSD Documentation Engineering Team <doceng@FreeBSD.org>¶

FreeBSD Port Management Team <portmgr@FreeBSD.org>¶

Primary Release Engineering Team <re@FreeBSD.org>¶

Builders Release Engineering Team <re-builders@FreeBSD.org>¶

Donations Team <donations@FreeBSD.org>¶

Marketing Team <marketing@FreeBSD.org>¶

Security Team <secteam@FreeBSD.org>¶

Vendor Relations <vendor-relations@FreeBSD.org>¶

Core Team Secretary <core-secretary@FreeBSD.org>¶

Port Management Team Secretary <portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org>¶

Security Team Secretary <secteam-secretary@FreeBSD.org>¶

Accounts Team <accounts@>¶

Backups Administrators <backups@>¶

Bugmeisters <bugmeister@FreeBSD.org>¶

Cluster Administrators <admins@>¶

DNS Administrators <dnsadm@>¶

&os; Forum Administrators <forum-admins@FreeBSD.org>¶

Repository Automated Mirroring to GitHub Coordinators <github-automation@FreeBSD.org>¶

Jenkins Continuous Integration Testing Administrators <jenkins-admin@FreeBSD.org>¶

FTP/WWW Mirror Site Coordinators <mirror-admin@FreeBSD.org>¶

Perforce Repository Administrators <perforce-admin@FreeBSD.org>¶

Phabricator Code Review Application Administrators <phabric-admin@FreeBSD.org;>¶

Postmaster Team <postmaster@FreeBSD.org>¶

Subversion Administrators <svnadm@>¶

Webmaster Team <webmaster@FreeBSD.org>¶

&title;¶

Experience the possibilities with FreeBSD¶

FreeBSD is a true open system with full source code.¶

FreeBSD runs thousands of applications.¶

FreeBSD is an operating system that will grow with your needs.¶

What experts have to say . . .¶

&title;¶

BSD Daemon¶

“Powered by FreeBSD” Logos¶

Old Advertisement Banners¶

Graphics Use¶

Trademarks¶

&title;¶

&title;¶

Subversion¶

Other options¶

&title;¶

&title;¶

&os; offers many unique features.¶

A complete operating system based on 4.4BSD.¶

&title;¶

Usage Guideline¶

Resource¶

Standard Logo (fullcolor)¶

Standard Logo (fullcolor for dark background)¶

Standard Logo (black and white)¶

Vector formats¶

Sample¶

CD/DVD package¶

Postcard¶

Wallpaper¶

&title;¶

Questions about FreeBSD...¶

Questions about the contents of this WWW server...¶

Snail mail, phone and fax¶

Who Is Responsible for What¶

&title;¶

White Papers¶

Presentations¶

Flyers¶

iSCSI¶

pfSense Tutorial¶

BSD Daemon ¶

Who Is Responsible for What ¶

Meaning	Examples
The names of commands.	Use `ls -l` to list all files.
The names of files.	Edit `.login`.
On-screen computer output.	You have mail.
What the user types, contrasted with on-screen computer output.	PROMPT.USER date +"The time is %H:%M" The time is 09:18
Manual page references.	Use MAN.SU.1 to change user identity.
User and group names.	Only root can do this.
Emphasis.	The user must do this.
Text that the user is expected to replace with the actual text.	To search for a keyword in the manual pages, type ``man -k keyword``
Environment variables.	$HOME is set to the user’s home directory.